פירוש על ביצה 5:4

כרגלי השואל – for he acquired his Sabbath center with him at twilight, for twilight is the entrance of the day where one acquires his Sabbath center, and even though it did not come into the hand of the borrower other than on Yom Tov/the Festival day, for it was not established in his possession at twilight, it is in the status of the person who borrows it (i.e., the utensil). And if he borrowed it on Yom Tov once it became dark, it is in the possession of the one who is lending it out, because he has acquired the Sabbath center with its owners. And even if he was accustomed to lend it out on every Holy Day.

Introduction This mishnah continues to deal with the Shabbat/Yom Tov border limits placed on things. Since the mishnah deals with carrying, the rules are only applicable to Yom Tov on Shabbat all carrying is prohibited.

האשה ששאלה מחברתה תבלין – for her pot.

One who borrows a vessel from his neighbor on the eve of Yom Tov, [it is restricted to the same limits] as the feet of the borrower. [But if he borrowed it] on Yom Tov, it is as the feet of the lender. If one borrows an object it is considered as if the object belongs to the borrower and therefore it can go on Yom Tov to any place where he/she may go. However, this is only true if he borrowed it the day before Yom Tov, such that when Yom Tov began the object was in his possession. In other words, the border limits of the object are determined by the one who possessed the object when Yom Tov began. If he borrowed it on Yom Tov then it can go only where the feet of the lender can go.

ומים ומלח – for her dough.

A woman who borrowed from her neighbor spices, water or salt for her dough, these are [restricted to the same limits] as the feet of both them. Rabbi Judah exempts in the case of water, because it is not substantial. In this case a woman borrows some ingredients from another woman to use them in making dough on Yom Tov. Some of the ingredients therefore belong to the lender and some belong to the borrower. Since the ownership is mixed (like the dough) the dough can only go to a place where they both can go. This again means that if one set an eruv to the south and one to the north, the dough cannot leave the city at all. Rabbi Judah says that if all she borrowed was water then the dough is not restricted by the lender since the water is not substantial enough. Water is not recognized in the final product or its taste and therefore it doesn’t count towards where the dough can go.

הרי אלו – her pot and her dough.

כרגלי שתיהן – they do not bring them other than in a place where both of them are able to go, for since she borrowed it on the Festival day, they acquired the Sabbath center for the spices or the water and the salt with their respective owners.

שאין בהם ממש – they are not recognized, neither the pot, nor the dough, such as the case where the cooked dish is thick and the water is not recognized in it. Therefore, it does not delay their going. And regarding the salt, Rabbi Yehuda does not dispute when speaking of dough that was kneaded in salt which is large and thick, which is recognizable and has substance. But the Halakah is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.