פירוש על ביצה 4:2

אין נוטלין עצים מהן הסוכה – even from a booth that is not of the Mitzvah (i.e., an ordinary booth on the property – not necessarily for Sukkot) such as on Passover or Atzeret/Shavuot, we don’t take from it wood on the Festival day (see Talmud Betzah 31a) because of the tearing down/destruction of the tent.

Introduction This mishnah deals with the places where a person can collect kindling wood in order to cook on Yom Tov.

אלא מן הסמוך לה – such as reeds that are standing near the walls that are not woven with the wall and are not abolished by the wall, therefore, we may take from them on the Festival day.

One may not take wood from a sukkah but only from [what is] next to it. The “sukkah” referred to here is not a sukkah used on the festival of Sukkot, but rather a sort of hut used for shade by farmers out in the field. It is forbidden to take wood that was used in building the sukkah because this is considered “tearing down” which is forbidden on Shabbat and Yom Tov. However, he may take the wood gathered next to the sukkah.

מביאין עצים – detached [wood] pieces

One may bring in from the field wood that is gathered together, and from a karpef [an enclosure] even though it is scattered about. He can bring in wood from the field if it has already been gathered together. However, if it is scattered then it is muktzeh because there was no intent to use that wood for building a fire, and therefore he may not bring it in. From a karpef, a type of enclosure used for storage (see also Eruvin 2:3, 2:5 and 5:2) he may gather even loose wood. Since this wood was put into an enclosure, it has already been designated for use and it is not muktzeh.

מן השדה – that are within the [Sabbath] limit from what is stored up/brought in.

What is a karpef? Any [enclosure] next to the town, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Yose says: Any [enclosure] which one enters with a key, even if it is [only just] within the Shabbat border. In this section Rabbi Judah and Rabbi Yose debate from what kind of a karpef he can bring in wood. According to Rabbi Judah the karpef has to be close to the city, since only if it is close to the city does he intend to use it on Yom Tov. Rabbi Yose says that the criterion is that the karpef is locked and can only be opened with a key. The wood in such a karpef is not muktzeh, even if the karpef is not next to the city. However, the karpef must be within the Shabbat limit (2,000 cubits in all directions), otherwise he won’t be able to even get there.

ומן הקרפף אפילו מן המפוזר – Our Mishnah represents the opinion of a singular authority and is not Halakha. But rather, the Halakha is that one does not bring in wood other than from the that which is gathered/collected in the enclosure (especially, an enclosed space outside of a settlement). But he should not bring it in from field at all, and even from that which is collected, for his mind is not upon it, since they are not guarded there. But from the enclosure which is guarded and surrounded about, when they are brought in his mind is upon them.

כל שסמוך לעיר – in actuality, and that it has an opening, a key and is guarded, for Rabbi Yehuda requires two things – near the city and has a key/lock. But because he holds that mere enclosures have keys, because of this, he is not anxious to mention it.

ר"י אומר כל שנכנסין לו בפותחת, ואפילו בתוך תחום שבת – since he has key, he doesn’t require it to be close by, but even if it is far until it is close to the end of the Sabbath limit boundary. And if it is nearby, we don’t require a key/lock. For something nearby without a key or a key without it being nearby is permissible. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi.