פירוש על ביצה 2:4

מביאין שלמים – on Yom Tov/the Festival day, holiday peace-offerings, because there’re is through them the need for consumption by a person.

Introduction This mishnah deals with bringing certain sacrifices on Yom Tov and laying one’s hands upon them (see Leviticus 3:2).

ואין סומכין עליהם – for laying of hands upon them is prohibited because of the rabbinic decree to enhance the character of the day as a day of rest, for he would lay his hands with all of his strength and he would be making use of animals, for he lays his hands on them on the Eve of the Festival day, for the School of Shammai does not hold by the rule that immediately after the lay of hands comes the slaughtering [of the animal] (see Mishnah Menahot, Chapter 9, Mishnah 8 at the conclusion).

Bet Shammai says: one may bring peace-offerings [on Yom Tov] but may not lay [hands] upon them, but one may not bring burnt-offerings [on Yom Tov]. One of the sacrifices which a person would bring on Yom Tov was a peace-offering. Part of the sacrifice would be offered on the altar, part would be eaten by the priests and part would be eaten by those who brought the sacrifice. Since this sacrifice is eaten, Bet Shammai allows one to offer it on Yom Tov. As we have learned before one is allowed to prepare food on Yom Tov, and this includes offering edible sacrifices. However, Bet Shammai holds that one cannot lay his hands on the sacrifice because leaning on an animal is considered using the animal and this is prohibited on Yom Tov. Bet Shammai holds that the laying of the hands must be done the day before. Furthermore, Bet Shammai does not allow the sacrifice of burnt-offerings on Yom Tov, because burnt offerings are completely consumed on the altar. Since they are not eaten they cannot be offered. One who wants to bring a burnt-offering would have to do so on Hol Hamoed, the intermediate days of the festival.

אבל לא עולות – outside of the daily whole-offerings and Musaf/additional offerings which are a community sacrifice at a fixed time. But one should not bring an individual whole burnt-offering which cannot be consumed by a commoner (i.e., non-Kohen). But even the burnt-offerings for appearing [during the Festival in the Temple]are offered on the other days of the Festival, but not on the Festival day/Yom Tov, for the All-Merciful stated (Numbers 29:35): “[On the eight day] you shall hold a solemn gathering,” for you, but not for Most-High.

Bet Hillel says: one may bring peace-offerings and burnt-offerings and also lay hands upon them. Bet Hillel allows the laying of the hands on the animal since this is part of the sacrificial process. The Talmud also explains that according to Bet Hillel the laying of the hands must be done right before it is offered, and therefore he could not do it before Yom Tov. Bet Hillel also allows burnt offerings to be brought even though they are not eaten, since they are brought in fulfillment of the commandments of the festival.

וב"ה אומרים – one brings festival peace offerings and whole burnt offerings for appearance [in the Temple], as it is written (Deuteronomy 16:8): “[After eating unleavened bread for six days,] you shall hold a solemn gathering for the LORD] your God on the seventh day…,” everything is for God. But vows and free-will donations, according to everyone are not offered on the Festival, neither whole burnt-offerings or peace-offerings.