פירוש על ביצה 1:6

איין מוליכין חלה – on the Festival Day. Even though it is permitted to separate it, they did not permit him to bring it, but the repair of the dough they permitted to him, and nothing more.

Introduction In this mishnah Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel debate whether one may carry to a priest hallah and priestly gifts on Yom Tov. Hallah is dough which one must separate from the dough that one kneads to bake bread (Numbers 15:17-21). Priestly gifts refers to the parts of a sacrificial animal which must be given to the priest (Deuteronomy 18:3).

מתנות – the shoulder, the cheeks and the stomach (see Deuteronomy 18:3).

Bet Shammai says: one may not take hallah or priestly gifts to a priest on Yom Tov, whether they were separated on the day before or on that day. But Bet Hillel permits it. In this first section we learn that Bet Shammai prohibits carrying the hallah and priestly gifts to the priest, whether they were separated on that day or earlier, whereas Bet Hillel permits this. The reasons for this debate come in the following mishnah.

גזרה שוה – not specifically, for all of it is, was decreed by the Rabbis because of a decree that we don’t raise up the priest’s due and the tithes on the Festival. But it is similar to an analogy.

Bet Shammai said them: An analogy [supports our view]: hallah and priestly gifts go to the priest and terumah is [likewise] goes to the priest; just as one may not take [to the priest] terumah so one may not take [to him] priestly gifts. Bet Hillel said to them: No! If you say in the case of terumah which he has not the right to separate, will you say [the same] with respect to priestly gifts which he is permitted to separate? We now learn Bet Shammai’s reasoning. They compare hallah and priestly gifts to terumah, the portion of one’s produce that one separates and gives to the priest. Terumah may not be separated on Yom Tov because it can be separated from one’s produce on the day before. Since one is not allowed to separate terumah on Yom Tov it is also forbidden to carry it to the priest. Bet Shammai reasons that the same holds true for the other things which one gives to a priest they too cannot be carried to the priest on Yom Tov. Bet Hillel critiques this analogy. One cannot carry terumah to a priest precisely because one cannot separate it on Yom Tov. However, one may separate hallah and priestly gifts on Yom Tov and therefore one is allowed to carry them to the priest as well. The reason that one may separate hallah and priestly gifts on Yom Tov is that one can slaughter an animal and knead dough on Yom Tov, and when one does so the gifts and hallah must be separated.

מתנה לכהן – from the twenty-four priestly gifts.

כשם שאין מוליכין את התרומה וכו' – this Mishnah is superseded in the Gemara (Tractate Betzah 12b) for the Schools of Shammai and Hillel did not dispute that they bring up the hallah offering and priestly gifts. For they did not dispute other than in bringing up the Priest’s due/the Sacred gift for the Priest/Terumah, as the School of Shammai state that we don’t bring it up but the School of Hillel states that we do bring it up. The School of Hillel said to the School of Shammai that the Hallah/dough offering and priestly gifts are for the Kohen, and the Priest’s Due is a gift for the Kohen, and just as they bring up the [other gifts] they also bring up the Terumah. Bet Shammai responded to them that this is not the case, for if you said concerning the Hallah and priestly gifts that they are deserving of separating their priestly gifts, the Sages gave the strength and the permission for their being set apart for a sacred purpose, for since their obligation comes on the Festival day, since we knead and slaughter on the Festival day, and since they were permitted on the Festival day, we permit to bring them up even those that were made from the eve of the Festival day, shall we say that the Priest’s due which is not worthy in being brought up that it is impossible that the obligation for Terumah should come to the pile on the Festival Day, since there is no obligation for Terumah other than from the time of smoothing out the pile and we don’t smooth out the pile on the Festive Day, therefore, we don’t bring up the Terumah on the Festival Day.