Tous les couvercles de navire qui ont une poignée peuvent être déplacés le Shabbath. R. Yossi a dit: À quoi cela s'applique-t-il? Aux revêtements de sol [La gemara déclare que tous conviennent qu'il est permis de déplacer les revêtements de bateaux même s'ils n'ont pas de poignée. Et avec les revêtements de sol, comme les revêtements de puits et de citernes, tous s'accordent à dire que si les revêtements n'ont pas de poignée il est interdit (de les déplacer). Où diffèrent-ils? En ce qui concerne les revêtements des navires attachés au sol, l'un soutenant qu'ils sont considérés comme le sol et l'autre, qu'ils ne sont pas considérés comme le sol. La halakha est en accord avec les sages, que ce qui est attaché au sol est considéré comme le sol]; mais avec des revêtements de navire, dans les deux cas (c'est-à-dire, qu'ils aient ou non des poignées), il est permis de les déplacer le Shabbath.
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
במה דברים אמורים – In the Talmud (Tractate Shabbat 126b), that regarding a lid of vessels, everyone agrees that it is permitted, even though it lacks a handle, and with ground openings, such as the covering for a pit and a cistern no one disputes that it is forbidden if it lacks a handle, but they argue with a handle of a utensil attached to the ground; one opinion holds that it is like the ground and the other opinion holds that is not like the ground; but the Halakha is according to the Sages that what is attached to the ground is like the ground.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah deals with carrying lids on Shabbat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
All lids of utensils which have a handle may be carried on Shabbat. Since the lids have handles, they may be carried on Shabbat independent of the vessels which they cover. Indeed, they themselves are considered vessels/utensils, since they have handles.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Yose said: in reference to what is that said? In the case of lids which cover the ground, but lids of vessels may in any case be carried on Shabbat. Rabbi Yose limits the application of the rule stated above. That rule applies only to lids used to cover holes in the ground. These may only be carried on Shabbat if they have handles. If they don’t have handles, it looks like one is using them to permanently cover a hole in the ground, in which case this would be too similar to “building.” If they have handles, then it is clear that they will not be used to permanently cover the hole. However, lids of vessels (i.e. pots and pans) may be carried whether or not they have handles. It is clear that such lids are only temporary and that they are part of the vessel which they cover.
