Mishnah
Mishnah

Commentaire sur Parah 8:1

שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ שׁוֹמְרִים אֶת הַשֹּׁקֶת, נִטְמָא אַחַד מֵהֶם, כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי. טָהַר, וְנִטְמָא שֵׁנִי, כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן. נִטְמְאוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאַחַת, פְּסוּלִין. עָשָׂה אַחַד מֵהֶן מְלָאכָה, כְּשֵׁרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי. עָמַד, וְעָשָׂה הַשֵּׁנִי מְלָאכָה, כְּשֵׁרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן. עָשׂוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאֶחָד, פְּסוּלִין:

Deux qui gardaient la cruche [contenant de l'eau à mélanger avec des cendres], si l'on devenait impur, elles [les eaux] sont valables, parce qu'elles étaient dans le domaine de la seconde. S'il [celui qui est devenu impur] s'est purifié et que le second est devenu impur, ils sont valables parce qu'ils sont dans le domaine du premier. S'ils sont tous deux devenus impurs à la fois, ils [les eaux] sont invalides. Si l'un d'entre eux a fonctionné, ils sont valables car ils étaient du domaine du second. S'il [celui qui travaillait] s'est arrêté et que le second a travaillé, ils sont valables parce qu'ils étaient du domaine du premier. S'ils ont tous deux fonctionné en même temps, ils [les eaux] sont invalides.

Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

שנים שהיו שומרים את השוקת – that was filled for [mixing the ashes with the water] for the lustration/sin-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah

Two men were guarding a trough: If one of them became unclean, the water remains valid, since it is in the domain of the other. If the first became clean and the other became unclean the water is still valid since it is in the domain of the first. If both became unclean simultaneously the water becomes invalid.
If one of them did some work, the water remains valid since it is in the domain of the second. If the first stopped doing work and the other did some work, the water still remains valid since it is in the domain of the first. If both did some work at the same time the water becomes invalid.

This quite simple mishnah teaches that if two men are guarding a trough with water to be used for the red cow ritual, and one of them becomes impure or does work we can consider the water to be under the protection of the other guard, and the water remains valid. It is invalidated only if both of them are impure or do work at the same time.
The mishnah is very straightforward so there is no commentary below.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

טהר – he who had become defiled was purified from his defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

ונטמא שני – that is his companion who was ritually pure. -
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

כשרים – the water that is in the trough.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

עמד ושעה שני מלאכה – the first person arose from jis work, and the second did work in his place.
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