Commentaire sur Kéilim 9:7
סְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, נִסְדַּק מִן הַתַּנּוּר לַסְּרֵידָה, שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּעַ שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנָס. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, נִכְנָס. נִסְדְּקָה סְרֵידָה, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּע נִכְנָס. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנָס. הָיָה עָגֹל, אֵין רוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ אָרֹךְ, אֶלָּא שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא פִי מַרְדֵּעַ נִכְנָס:
Si un filet a été placé sur l'ouverture d'un four, formant un couvercle bien ajusté, et qu'une fente est apparue entre le four et le filet, la taille minimale [pour permettre aux impuretés d'entrer] est celle de la circonférence de la pointe d'un aiguillon à bœuf qui ne peut pas y entrer. Rabbi Yehudah dit: [Même s'il] peut entrer. Si le filet a été fendu, la taille minimale est la circonférence de la pointe d'un aiguillon à bœuf qui peut y pénétrer. Rabbi Yehudah dit: [Même s'il] ne peut pas entrer. Si la fente était ronde, ils ne la considèrent pas comme droite, et la taille minimale doit toujours être la circonférence de la pointe d'un aiguillon à bœuf qui peut réellement entrer.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
סרידה (stuffed matting/ slightly hollow perforated tile used for stoppers of stoves, bags/colander) – like a kind of small kneading trough that the baker uses, and it is stretched and is not susceptible to receive defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If there was netting placed over the mouth of an oven, forming a tightly fitting lid, and a split appeared between the oven and the colander, the minimum size [to allow impurity to enter] is that of the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that cannot actually enter it. Rabbi Judah says: it must be one into which the tip can actually enter. We have learned that if an earthenware vessel has a tightly fitting cover, impurity cannot enter into it and defile it. If such a vessel is found in the same room as a dead body, the vessel remains pure. In the case discussed here, if the netting (some sort of colander) is truly "tightly fitting" it counts as a cover and the vessel remains pure. If the part between the oven and the netting is split, if the split is the exact same measurement as the circumference of the tip of an ox goad, it is not considered tightly fitting, and the oven is impure (if it is in a tent with a corpse). According to the first opinion, the tip need not actually be able to enter the split. Rabbi Judah holds that in order for the oven to be considered to not have a "tightly fitting lid" the split needs to be large enough to allow the tip to actually enter.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שהיא נתונה על פי התנור – and it is crushed in plaster in order to surround it with an airtight lid and the oven will not become defiled in the tent of a corpse.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If a split appeared in the netting, the minimum size is the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that can enter it. Rabbi Judah says: even if it cannot enter. In this case, the split is not between the netting and the oven but in the netting itself. The opinions from section one are reversed. We should note that there is no inherent logic as to when the measure is "the ox goad can enter" and when it is "even if it cannot enter." It seems random why the sages reverse their opinions in the two cases. Albeck explains that all of the sages of the Mishnah (the tannaim) had a tradition that in one case the split must be large enough for the ox goad to actually enter, and in the other case, the split need be no larger than the ox goad. The sages and Rabbi Judah disagreed as to which measure was applicable in which case. In other words, they had some sort of halakhic tradition that they had received from their predecessors, but its details were not received and therefore they argued over them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נסדק מן תנור לסרידה (was cracked from the oven to the colander) – that is, the shaping was cracked.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If the split was curved it must not be regarded as straight, and still the minimum size must be the circumference of the tip of an ox goad that can actually enter. If the split was really like a small hole, from the oven to the netting, and it wasn't just a regular crack, the minimum size still remains in effect. Albeck explains that this means that if we were to even out the curved split, and only then could it allow in the tip of the ox goad, the oven is still not considered to have a tightly fitting lid. It must actually be the size of the ox goad.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מלוא פי מרדע שלא נכנס (its measure is the tip of an ox-goad that cannot enter) – the ox-goad is that trains the cattle, and there is in its circumference a handbreadth, and its thickness is three handbreadths, for all that is of one-handbreadth in its thickness, there is in its circumference three handbreadths, and the measure of the crack when the smearing is cracked, according to the Rabbis, its measure is the tip of an ox-goad is equivalent, and even though the incision is not large when the tip of an ox enters, for since the crack is equivalent to the tip of an ox-goad, there isn’t here an airtight lid, but according to Rabbi Yehuda, there always is an airtight lid until the crack will be large enough that the tip of an ox-goad can enter.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נסדקה סרידה עצמה – according to the Rabbis, an enclosure/compartment once the pile of plaster is cracked , but according to Rabbi Yehuda, an enclosure/compartment that when the pile of plaster is cracked, from when the small kneading trough is itself cracked. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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