Commentaire sur Kéilim 13:4
מַגְרֵפָה שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְקֻרְנָס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מְגֵרָה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנֶּיהָ אַחַת מִבֵּינְתַיִם, טְהוֹרָה. נִשְׁתַּיֵּר בָּהּ מְלֹא הַסִּיט בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, טְמֵאָה. הַמַּעֲצָד וְהָאִזְמֵל וְהַמַּפְסֶלֶת וְהַמַּקְדֵּחַ, שֶׁנִּפְגְּמוּ, טְמֵאִים. נִטַּל חִסּוּמָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ לִשְׁנַיִם, טְמֵאִים, חוּץ מִן הַמַּקְדֵּחַ. וְהָרוּקְנִי בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה:
Un râteau à cendres dont l'extrémité de la pelle a été enlevée est sensible à l'impureté, car il est comme un marteau: les paroles du rabbin Meir. Les Sages le déclarent pur. Une scie manquant toutes les deux dents est pure. Mais si un m'lo hasit [distance entre le pouce évasé et l'index] de dents consécutives est resté, il est sensible à l'impureté. Une herminette, un scalpel, un avion ou une perceuse qui a été endommagé est sensible aux impuretés. Si son bord en acier manquait, il est propre. Dans tous ces cas, s'il était divisé en deux, les deux [parties] restent sensibles aux impuretés, à l'exception de la perceuse. Le bloc d'un avion en lui-même est pur.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מגריפה (ladle/shovel) – made to remove the ashes from the double-stove and from the oven, but when its blade was removed, its handle remained which is made in the form of a mallet of blacksmiths. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
An ash-shovel whose spoon was missing is still susceptible to impurity, since it is still like a hammer, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages rule that it is clean. The ash-shovel is used to rake out coals from an oven. According to Rabbi Meir even if the shovel was removed, it is still susceptible because its heavy iron body is still usable as a hammer. Although this was not its original use, it still has some use, this use is sufficient for it to remain susceptible. The other sages hold that since it can no longer be used for its original purpose, it is no longer susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מגירה (saw) – it is a fattened ox (see Psalms 69:32 and many other examples throughout Scripture) in the language of Scripture, SIGA in the foreign tongue.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A saw whose teeth are missing one in every two is clean. But if a hasit length of consecutive teeth remained it is susceptible to impurity. If one out of every two teeth is missing, the saw is no longer susceptible to impurity, because with so many teeth missing, it is no longer usable. However, if a hasit (some say that this is the length between the forefinger and thumb and some say between the forefinger and middle finger) length of teeth remain in one place, then the saw is still usable and is still susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אחת מבינתיים טהורה – if he removed from one tooth from all that have two teeth, it is impossible to anymore to drag any further, therefore it is is ritually pure and is not appropriate for use.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
An adze, scalpel, plane, or drill that was damaged remains susceptible to impurity, but if its steel edge was missing it is clean. In general, these instruments remain usable and therefore susceptible to impurity even when damaged. They would put a piece of steel in all of these instruments to strengthen and sharpen it. If this piece of steel was removed, then the instrument is no longer susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נשתייר בה – from the complete teeth the measurement of a סיט/the distance between the tip of the thumb and the index finger when held apart in one place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
In all these cases if it was split into two parts both remain susceptible to impurity, except for the drill. Except for the drill, all of these instruments are usable even if split in two. Therefore, they are all still susceptible. Since the drill is not usable when it is split in two, it is not susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טמאה – the saw [is ritually impure]. For with that full extent of the distance between the tip of the thumb and the index finger when held apart which is complete is appropriate for dragging. And the measurement of the full extent of the distance between the tip of the thumb and the index finger when held apart, all what is possible for a person to distance between the finger and the forearm.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The block of a plane by itself is clean. The block of a plane whose steel edge has been removed is no longer usable and therefore it is clean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מעצד (adze)– an iron vessel that the carpenter planes the boards.. DOLDORA in the foreign language.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
איזמל – a small razor that one circumcises a baby with. The Aramaic translation of חרבות צורים/flint knives (see Joshua 5:2-3) which is “sharp knives.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והמפסלת (plane/sculptor’s chisel) – sharp/pointed iron that is fixed within wood and they take it and bring it over the board and smooth it out. It is the [Scriptural] language of (Exodus 34:1): “"פסל לך/”Carve for yourself.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מקדח (borer – used by carpenters) – a vessel/utensil that they make holes/perforate boards.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שנפגמו (which have been damaged) – that were split/broken apart.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ניטל חיסומן (if their steel-edge is worn off) – in the mouth of the sword and in the mouth of the knife and in the mouth of a hatchet/mattock and in the thin part of the borer they place good and considered iron, ATZALAV in the foreign tongue, and they muzzle their mouths with it in order that it will be sharp/pointed to cut/sever well, and this is called, חיסומן/their steel-edge.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והרוקני (the plane [the wooden body] by itself) – the wood that the sculptor’s chisel/plane is fixed in it is called רוקני. But if the iron was worn off that makes ritually impure and smoothens, and the wood remains alone without iron, it is ritually pure.
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