Si quelqu'un était à l'est, et qu'il disait à son fils: "Fais-moi un érouv à l'ouest"; ou s'il était à l'ouest, et il a dit à son fils: "Fais-moi un érouv à l'est"—s'il y a de lui à sa maison deux mille coudées, et à son érouv plus que cela, il est autorisé à sa maison et interdit à son érouv. (S'il y en a) à son eruv deux mille, et à sa maison plus que cela, il est interdit à sa maison et autorisé à son eruv. [("Si quelqu'un était à l'est" :) dans le champ, et Shabbath est descendu sur lui là-bas, et il était à plus de deux mille coudées de son érouv, son érouv n'est pas un eruv. Puisqu'il ne peut pas marcher et le prendre, son habitation est dans sa maison, debout comme il le fait dans le tchum de sa maison. Et on suppose qu'il désire que son habitation soit dans sa maison alors que son érouv n'est pas un érouv. ("il est interdit de sa maison" :) de compter deux mille coudées de tous les côtés de sa maison.] Si l'on place son eruv dans la périphérie (ibur) de la ville, [c'est-à-dire, dans l'une des maisons debout dans le soixante-dix et une fraction de coudées], il n'a rien fait. [Car sans érouv, aussi, il a deux mille coudées de tous les côtés, et la ville entière avec son ibur est comptée comme ses quatre coudées.] S'il la plaçait à l'extérieur du tchum [c'est-à-dire à l'extérieur de l'ibur de la ville (Ainsi est-il expliqué dans la gemara)], ce qu'il gagne [d'un côté], il le perd [de l'autre côté. Car il compte deux mille coudées de tous les côtés de l'érouv, et s'il la place à la fin de mille (de la ville) vers l'est, on constate que les deux mille à l'est se terminent à trois mille coudées de la ville, donc qu'il en gagne mille (à l'est), et les deux mille à l'ouest, mille coudées à l'ouest de la ville, de sorte qu'il perd mille coudées. Nous sommes informés par la présente que la ville n'est pas comprise dans les deux mille coudées à l'ouest, mais qu'elle est entièrement considérée comme quatre coudées. Ceci, seulement lorsque les deux mille coudées de l'érouv vers la ville se terminent au bout de la ville ou au-delà; mais s'ils se terminent au milieu de la ville ou n'importe où en son sein, il ne peut aller dans la ville que jusqu'à la fin des deux mille coudées de l'érouv et pas plus, comme enseigné ci-dessous.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מי שהיה במזרח – in the field, and he sanctified for himself the [Sabbath] day and he was far from his Eruv more than two-thousand [cubits], for his Eruv is not an Eruv, since he is not able to walk and to carry, it would be for him a Sabbath camp in his house when his Eruv is not an Eruv.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah returns to the subject of Shabbat border eruvin.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If one was in the east and said to his son, “Prepare for me an eruv in the west”, or if he was in the west and he said to his son, “Prepare for me an eruv in the east”, if the distance between him and his house was no more than two thousand cubits and that between him and his eruv was more than this, he is permitted to go to his house but forbidden to go to his eruv. If the distance to his eruv was no more than two thousand cubits and that to his house more than this, he is forbidden to go to his house but permitted to go to his eruv. Before this person left his home on Friday, he told his son to set up for him an eruv to either the west or east of the city. At dusk on Friday eve, he finds himself on the opposite side of the city. If he is two thousand cubits or less from his home but more than two thousand cubits from his eruv, he may go to his home but not to his eruv. In other words, his eruv is ineffective and he may not go two thousand cubits beyond it. Since when Shabbat began he could not reach his eruv, which was more than two thousand cubits away from him, we say that his intention was that his home would be his “Shabbat place” and from his home, and not the eruv, we measure a Shabbat limit of 2000 cubits. If, on the other hand, he is 2000 cubits or less from his eruv but more than that from his home, he may go to his eruv but not to his home. Again, since he couldn’t get to his home when Shabbat began, we assume that he wished that his eruv would be his “Shabbat place” and from that point and that point only he can travel 2000 cubits.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
בעיבורה של עיר (within the outskirts of the city) – in one of the houses that stands within seventy cubits and left-overs.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
One who puts his eruv within the extension of a town, he has done nothing. If a person puts his eruv within the extensions of the city, his eruv doesn’t help him at all. Even without the eruv, he can go 2000 cubits beyond the extensions of the city. Rather an eruv should ideally be put 2000 cubits beyond the city and its extensions. In this way it extends the distance a person can travel in that direction. The “extensions of the city” refer to the inns and shops which are outside of the city but count in measuring the city’s borders.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
לא עשה ולא כלום – for without an Eruv also, he has from the city/town two-thousand cubits in every direction, and the entire city/town with its outskirts are considered to him as four cubits.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
If he put it even one cubit only beyond the limit he loses what he gains. This refers to a person who sets up his eruv outside the city, but within the 2000 cubit border which surrounds it. This is where an eruv should be set up. The mishnah teaches that every cubit he gains in his ability to travel on one side of the town, he loses on the other. So if he puts the eruv 1000 cubits outside the town on the west, he may now travel 3000 cubits to the west but only 1000 cubits to the east.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
נתנו חוץ לתחום – outside of the outskirts of the city/town. And this is explained in the Gemara (Tractate Eruvin 60b).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מה שנשכר –[what he gains] in this direction, he loses in the direction that is opposite it. For he counts from the Eruv two-thousand [cubits] in every direction if it and if he placed [something] at the end of one-thousand [cubits] to the east, it is found that the two-thousand [cubits] of the east end at the conclusion of three-thousand [cubits] of the city and he has gained one-thousand, but the two-thousand [cubits] of the west end at the end of one-thousand [cubits] of the west of the city, and he lost one-thousand [cubits]. And this comes to tell us that the city does not count in the total of the two-thousand [cubits] of the west but rather all of it is like four cubits. And these words [apply] when the two-thousand [cubits] do not end from the Eruv to the side of the city/town, but rather, at the end of the city/town or outside of it, but if they end in the middle or the city or at whatever place within it, he cannot walk within the city/town other than up to the point where the two-thousand cubits of the Eruv end, and not further, as it is taught nearby (in the next Mishnah).
