Commentaire sur Démaï 4:7
הַחַמָּרִים שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְעִיר, אָמַר אֶחָד, שֶׁלִּי חָדָשׁ וְשֶׁל חֲבֵרִי יָשָׁן, שֶׁלִּי אֵינוֹ מְתֻקָּן וְשֶׁל חֲבֵרִי מְתֻקָּן, אֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, נֶאֱמָנִין:
Si des ânes sont entrés dans une ville et que l'un d'eux a dit: «Mon [produit] est Chadash [le grain de l'année en cours qu'il est interdit de manger] et celui de mon camarade est Yashan », [ou] «Le mien n'a pas été réparé [c'est-à-dire, la dîme] et celle de mes camarades a été fixée "- on ne leur fait pas confiance. Rabbi Yehudah dit: on leur fait confiance.
Bartenura on Mishnah Demai
החמרים – that bring grain from the inexpensive place to the more expensive place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Demai
Introduction
The previous mishnah dealt with the fear that merchants might collude, each paying compliments to the other’s produce. Our mishnah deals with another instance in which we might fear that two merchants are colluding.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Demai
אין נאמנים – for surely they are rendering a service to each other [by mutual recommendations] and he praises his colleague [and his grain] in this city in order that his colleague should praise his [grain] in another city.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Demai
If donkey-drivers entered a city and one of them declared: “My produce is new but my friend’s produce is old,” or, “My produce has not been tithed but my friend’s produce has been tithed,” they may not be trusted. Rabbi Judah says: they may be trusted. Two donkey drivers enter the city each carrying loads of produce. Each one testifies that his produce is new or untithed (bad) but that his friend’s produce is old or tithed (both good). In other words, each compliments his friend’s produce and denigrates his own. In this case, according to the first opinion, we should suspect that they are colluding and we may not trust either of them. Rabbi Judah says that there is reason to be lenient also in this case and to trust them. Donkey drivers who bring supplies to the city are necessary for the good of the city. Were the people of the city not to trust them, they might not come back. Therefore, they too can be trusted.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Demai
ר' יהודה אומר נאמנים – for since most of those who are not observing certain religious customs regarding tithing do tithe, with doubtfully tithed produce they are lenient because of the lives of the people of the city that that those who sell grain and produce would regularly come there. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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