Avec dix déclarations (ma'amaroth), le monde a été créé, [neuf "Et Il a dit" et "Au commencement" est aussi une déclaration, à savoir. (Psaumes 33: 6): "Par la parole du Seigneur, les cieux ont été faits."] Que nous enseigne-t-on ici? N'aurait-il pas pu être créé avec une seule déclaration? Mais, [cela a été déclaré] pour punir les méchants qui détruisent le monde, qui a été créé avec dix déclarations [Car si quelqu'un détruit une âme juive, c'est comme s'il détruisait un monde entier, et les méchants, qui dans leurs péchés détruisent leurs âmes, sont considérés comme ayant détruit le monde entier. (Ainsi ai-je trouvé.) Et il me semble qu'ils détruisent le monde lui-même, car ils inclinent tout le monde à l'échelle du châtiment, de sorte qu'il est détruit à cause d'eux. «Avec dix déclarations»: il n'y a pas de comparaison entre détruire une œuvre créée en un jour et (détruire) une œuvre créée en plusieurs jours], et donner une bonne récompense aux tzaddikim, qui soutiennent le monde, qui a été créé avec dix déclarations .
Bartenura
With ten utterances: Nine [times in the creation story does it state] "and He said"; and "In the beginning" is also an utterance, as it is written (Psalms 33:6), "With the word of the Lord were the heavens made."
With ten utterances: When you observe everything that comes in the story of creation, you will find, "and He said," nine times. And "In the beginning" is the tenth [utterance]. And even though the word, "and He said," does not elucidate this, the content indicates it. And it as if it said, "And God said, 'Let there be the heavens and the earth.'" As they could not have been without an utterance. And He could have spoken the entire creation with one utterance by saying, "And God said, 'Let there be the heavens and the earth and let there be the firmament and let the waters gather, etc.'" Instead, He designated a [separate] utterance for each matter, to make known the greatness of this existence and the goodness of its order; and that one who destroys it destroys something great and that one who refines it refines something great. He means to say that the one who destroys his soul - which is in his hand to refine or to destroy - destroys [the world]; since it is as if he is the final purpose from all of existence, for which He said ten utterances - as we elucidated in the introduction of this essay of ours.
THE WORLD WAS CREATED THROUGH TEN UTTERANCES. WHAT DOES THIS TEACH US? COULDN’T IT HAVE BEEN CREATED WITH ONE? RATHER, ETC. The meaning is as follows. “What does this—the world being created through ten utterances—teach us,” i.e. what lesson can be drawn from this? This is not a question concerning the creation itself, as in “why was the world created through ten utterances?” The mishna simply means that we should extract some lesson from creation having happened through ten utterances instead of one; it does not mean that the world was created through ten utterances so that the wicked could be punished, etc., for it does not accord with His goodness to do something extra specifically to punish. Maharal explains it thus in Derech Chaim.