Comentario sobre Sheviit 4:1
בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים, מְלַקֵּט אָדָם עֵצִים וַאֲבָנִים וַעֲשָׂבִים מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא מְלַקֵּט מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, אֶת הַגַּס הַגָּס. מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא זֶה מְלַקֵּט מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁל זֶה, וְזֶה מְלַקֵּט מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁל זֶה, שֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁיְּקַצֵּץ לָהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת:
Originalmente se decía, uno puede recolectar palos, piedras y hierbas del propio campo, al igual que uno puede recolectar del campo de su vecino, los artículos más grandes. Una vez que los transgresores se multiplicaron, se instituyó que este puede [solo] recolectar del [campo] de ese, mientras que este puede recolectar [solo] del [campo] de ese; esto no debe hacerse como un favor, y no requiere mencionar que [uno no debe] estipular [darles] comida [a cambio].
Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
בראשונה. כדרך שהוא מלקט מחברו את הגס הגס – this Mishnah is explained in the Jerusalem [Talmud]. – at first they would say that a person could gather within his own [field] the large ones in the manner that he gathers that of his neighbor, whether large whether small, and even though that wood and grasses when we collect them from within the field, he is clearing the field for sowing, when he gathers the large ones, meaning to say, the wood and the large grasses and leaves the small ones, we rely that he needs the wood and not to clear/repair the land he is doing so, in the manner that we rrely with someone who gathers in the field of his neighbor whether small or whether large, for a person doesn’ act to clear/repair the field of his neighbor and he certainly knows that it is for the wood tha the needs.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
Introduction
During the sabbatical year it is permitted to gather non-food material from a field in order to use it for various purposes, such as lighting a fire. However, it is forbidden to gather this stuff in order to improve the field.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
משרבו עוברי עבירה – that they would gather in the fields whether small whether large, and they say hat we gathered large ones.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
At first they said: a man may gather wood, stones and grasses from his field, just as he was allowed to do from the field of his fellow, the large ones. Originally, a person was allowed to gather large pieces of wood, stones and grass from his own field without being suspected of doing so in order to improve the field, just as he was allowed to collect from his fellow’s field without being suspected of doing so in order to improve someone else’s field. The assumption was that since these were large pieces it would be obvious that he was doing so only in order to use that which he collected for fire.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
שלא בטובה – that his neighbor does not attach merit, for now, he certainly does not come to gather the small ones, since his friend does not attach merit to this for now, he certainly doesn’t come to gather the small ones, since his neighbor does not attach merit on this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
When the transgressors increased, they decreed that this one may gather from this one’s field and this one may gather from this one’s field, but not as a [mutual] favor. It doesn’t need to be said that no stipulation can be made for food. As they are wont to do, people began to transgress this permission and to collect even the smaller pieces and to lie and state that they had only collected the small pieces. Therefore, the sages decreed that a person could no longer collect even the large pieces from his own field. However, what one could do is collect these things from his friend’s field, under the assumption that when one collects wood, stone or grasses from someone else’s field it is not in order to improve the field. The other person could also collect from his field. However, one wasn’t allowed to grant this right as a mutual favor, as in “you can collect from my field if I can collect from yours.” The mishnah also notes that it is obvious that one cannot stipulate that one will give someone food in return for collecting the wood in his field and giving it to him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
אין צריך לומר שיקצץ להם מזונות – that he would say to him, gather from my field today and I will give you your meals, for that is clearly prohibited.
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