Comentario sobre Sheviit 2:10
הַדְּלוּעִין שֶׁקִּיְּמָן לְזֶרַע, אִם הִקְשׁוּ לִפְנֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְנִפְסְלוּ מֵאֹכֶל אָדָם, מֻתָּר לְקַיְּמָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. וְאִם לָאו, אָסוּר לְקַיְּמָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. הַתְּמָרוֹת שֶׁלָּהֶם, אֲסוּרוֹת בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. וּמַרְבִּיצִין בְּעָפָר לָבָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹסֵר. מְמָרְסִין בָּאֹרֶז בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֲבָל אֵין מְכַסְּחִין:
Las calabazas cultivadas para semilla, si se endurecieron antes de Rosh Hashaná y se volvieron inadecuadas para el consumo humano, se les permite conservarlas durante el año sabático. Si no, se les prohíbe guardarlos durante el año sabático. Sus brotes están prohibidos en el año sabático. Según el rabino Shimon, se puede regar el suelo de un campo de vegetales. El rabino Eliezer ben Ya'akov lo prohíbe. Uno puede inundar el arroz durante el año sabático. El rabino Shimon dice, sin embargo, uno no puede recortar.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
הוקשו – they dried up and became hard.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
Gourds which he had kept [in the ground] for seed: if they had hardened before Rosh Hashanah and had become unfit for human food, they may be kept during the seventh year; otherwise, they must not be kept in the seventh year. As we shall learn later in the tractate, if produce is deemed to be “sabbatical year produce” then it must be removed when that species is no longer growing in the field. Our mishnah deals with someone who keeps gourds in the ground for them to dry up and then uses them for seed. If they have dried and hardened before Rosh Hashanah and are no longer fit for humans to eat, then they don’t count as sabbatical year produce, but rather go according to the sixth year. Thus when he harvests them during the seventh year, he will not be obligated to remove them when there are no longer gourds still growing in the field. However, if they have not hardened by Rosh Hashanah, then the laws of sabbatical produce do apply and he will be able to keep them only as long as gourds are growing in the field.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
אסור לקיימן בשביעית – for the fruit of the Seventh Year is forbidden to leave them for sowing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
Their buds are forbidden in the seventh year. Since their buds remain fit for human consumption even after the gourds themselves have hardened, they are prohibited during the seventh year, because that is when they are harvested.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
התמרות (seed-capsules) – the blossom prior that its opening is similar to a seed-capsule, and like him, its head was lopped off and there ascended upon it a seed-capsule in the chapter “The Stolen Lulav” (Tractate Sukkah 33a); another explanation: the seed capsules are similar to sprouts of vines.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
They may irrigate the soil of a white field (a grain, the words of Rabbi Shimon. But Rabbi Elazar ben Jacob prohibits. Rabbi Shimon allows one to water a grain field on the sabbatical year so that grain will grow in the eighth year. However, Rabbi Elazar ben Jacob prohibits this.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
מרביצים בעפר לבן – meaning to say, we water the bright field lacking shade (vegetable or grain). And this is the Halakha that we water a bright field lacking shade on the Eve of the Seventh Year in order that the vegetables will come forth in the Seventh Year, and not only this but we water tit on the Seventh Year in order that vegetables came come forth in the aftermath of the Seventh Year.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
They may soak the rice in the sabbatical year. Rabbi Shimon says: but they may not be trim [the rice]. One is allowed to intensively soak rice during the sabbatical year. According to some commentators this refers to rice that took root before Rosh Hashanah. However, Rabbi Shimon points out that even though irrigating, which is usually prohibited during the seventh year, is permitted, trimming the plants to improve them is forbidden. Again we see that preserving the plant is permitted while doing any work to improve it is forbidden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
ממרסין באורז (stir the ground of a rice-field with water – to make it dough-like) – we water the dust of the rice and mix it with water, like (Tractate Yoma 43b) – they placed it in the mixer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
אבל לא מכסחין (you may not trim rice plants) – we don’t cut the leaves of the rice, it is the Aramaic Targum/translation of לא תזמור/”or prune your vineyard” (Leviticus 25:4)/you shall not trim, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon.
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