Si uno saca paja, (el monto de la responsabilidad es) el bocado de una vaca; tallos de guisantes, bocado de camello [Esto es más grande que el bocado de una vaca. Y uno no es responsable con la boca llena de tallos de guisantes de una vaca, porque no son aptos para una vaca.]; espigas de trigo, bocado de cordero; hierbas, bocado de un niño. [El bocado de un cordero es más grande que el de un niño. Por lo tanto, con las orejas de grano, que no son aptas para un niño, uno no es responsable con el bocado de un niño, pero debe haber la cantidad del bocado de un cordero. Sin embargo, con los pastos, ya que son aptos tanto para niños como para corderos, él es responsable incluso por el bocado de un niño.] Hojas de ajo y hojas de cebolla húmedas, del tamaño de un higo; hojas secas, bocado de un niño. [Hojas mojadas, aptas para el consumo humano—el tamaño de un higo; para esto es la cantidad estándar para toda la comida humana en el día de reposo. Pero no es un bocado de niño, porque las hojas mojadas no son aptas para un niño.] Y ellos [los alimentos de origen animal] no se combinan entre sí, ya que sus cantidades son diferentes. Si uno saca alimentos (humanos) del tamaño de un higo, es responsable; y ellos [todos los alimentos humanos] se combinan entre sí, porque sus cantidades son las mismas—a excepción de sus cáscaras, sus hoyos, sus tallos [los extremos de las frutas, que son simplemente como madera], su subin [la cáscara de trigo que se cae con el golpeteo], su morsan [que permanece en el tamiz. Rambam explica en el reverso, que morsan es más grueso e inferior a subin]. R. Yehudah dice: Excepto las cáscaras de lentejas, [que se combinan], porque se cocinan con ellas (las lentejas), [para excluir las cáscaras externas, que se caen cuando él hace un montón de ellas. Y las cáscaras de los frijoles, cuando ellos (los frijoles) están húmedos y cocidos en sus cáscaras—según R. Yehudah, se combinan con la comida del tamaño de un higo. Pero no los secos, porque no se comen con sus conchas, como moscas en el plato. La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Yehudah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
עצה – straw of kinds of pulse/peas (Tractate Shabbat 76a).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah discusses how much food a person must carry on Shabbat to be liable for carrying. The mishnah is divided into two sections: the first half deals with animal food and the second half deals with human food.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כמלוא פי גמל – its measurement is larger than that of a cow’s mouthful and the mouthful of a cow is not obligated for straw, for it is not appropriate for a cow.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
He who carries out a cow’s mouthful of straw, a camel’s mouthful of bean stalks, a lamb’s mouthful of clover, a goat’s mouthful of grasses, moist leaves of garlic or moist leaves of onion the size of a dried fig, [or] a goat’s mouthful of dry [leaves], [is liable]. And they do not combine with each other, because they are not alike in their standards. The general rule is that a person is liable for carrying an amount of animal food equal to a mouthful of the animal that eats that type of food. Cows eat straw, so if he carries a mouthful of straw he is liable. Moist leaves of garlic and onion are fit for human consumption. Therefore one who carries an amount the size of a dried fig is liable. Goats eat dried leaves of onion and garlic, therefore to be liable for carrying these he must carry a goat’s mouthful. These are listed in this section probably because they are more normally eaten by goats. If a person carries a combination of these things each of which is less than the prohibited amount, they do not add up to create a prohibited amount. For instance, if he carries half a cow’s mouthful of straw and half a camel’s mouthful of bean stubble he is not liable. Since all of the amounts are different and one is for one type of animal and another for other types of animal, they do not add up together.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
He who carries out [human] food the size of a dried fig is liable, And they combine with each other, because they are equal in their standards, except their shells, kernels, stalks, husks and coarse bran. Rabbi Judah said: excluding the shells of lentils, because they are boiled together with them. To be liable for carrying human food the amount need only be the size of a dried fig. If a person carries two different types of food, they add up. So if one carries half a fig’s worth of raisins and half a fig’s worth of peanuts, she is liable for carrying. This is because there is one standard amount for all human food. When figuring out the size of a piece of food, the non-edible parts are not considered. Rabbi Judah says that the shells of lentils are edible and hence they count in considering how much is being carried.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
פי טלה – it is larger than the mouth of a kid (i.e., goat), therefore, ears of corn which are not appropriate for a kid, one is not liable for the mouthful of a kid until there is enough for the mouthful of a lamb, but grasses since they are appropriate for a kid and a lamb one is liable even for the mouthful of a kid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
לחין – that are appropriate for humans
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
like dried figs, for this is the measure for all human food on Shabbat but not for the mouthful of a kid for moist foods are not appropriate for kids.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מצטרפין – all of the foods of a human – these with those.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
חוץ מקליפיהן – which are not [considered] food and do not complete the measure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ועוקציהן – the tail of the fruit which is a mere tree.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
וסובן – husk of wheat that falls off because of crushing/pounding.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ומורסנן – that remains in the winnow but Maimonides explains the opposite that their fine flour is thicker and worse than bran flour.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
חוץ מקליפי עדשים – [that combine/are included together].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שהן מתבשלות עמהן – to exclude the outer husks which fall off when it is harvested and the husks of the beans at the time that they are moist and cooked with their husks; for Rabbi Yehuda they are included together with foods for the measurement of dry figs but not dried foods which are not consumed with their husks because they appear like flies in a bowl, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
