Una escotilla que está dentro de una casa y que tiene un espacio de ancho de mano, si hay impureza en la casa, frente a la escotilla es pura. Si la impureza era opuesta a la escotilla, la casa es pura. Si la impureza está en la casa o enfrente de la escotilla, si alguien coloca su pie encima, combina la impureza. Si parte de la impureza estaba en la casa y parte de ella estaba enfrente de la escotilla, la casa es impura y opuesta a la escotilla es impura.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
ארובה שהיא בתוך הבית (a hatchway which is in the midst of the house) - and it is uncovered to the airspace, for there is no upper chamber roof from above.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Introduction
Chapter ten discusses cases where there is a hatchway in a house leading to the roof. The mishnah will discuss various scenarios with regard to how large the hatchway is, and whether or not something covers it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
כנגד ארובה טהור (that which is opposite the hatchway) – vessels that are placed below on the ground opposite the hatchway and they see the face of the sky are ritually pure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
A hatchway in a house, which has an opening of a [square] handbreadth, The first mishnah deals with a hatchway that is a square handbreadth. Tomorrow, we will deal with a smaller hatchway (I bet you can't wait). In this case, the place directly below the hatchway is not an ohel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מלמעלן (from above) – on the garret window in the wall projecting above the flat roof.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If there is uncleanness in the house, what is directly [below] the hatchway remains clean. The part underneath the hatchway is not in the ohel (house). Therefore, whatever is there remains clean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
עירב את הטומאה (he combined the defilement) – and everything is impure. The house is impure and the person who places his foot in it is also impure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If the uncleanness is directly [below] the hatchway, the house remains clean. If there is uncleanness right below the hatchway it is not in a tent. The impurity travels straight up and the other things in the house remain clean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
וכנגד הטומאה טמא – that the olive’s bulk [of defilement] is stretched to here and to there.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If the uncleanness is either in the house or directly [below] the hatchway, and a person placed his foot above [the hatchway] he has combined [with the roof to bring] uncleanness. In this case, a person put his leg over the hatchway and thereby reduced the hatchway to less than a square handbreadth. The entire house is now one tent. Therefore, no matter where the impurity is found, the contents of the entire house are impure. Furthermore, the person himself is impure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If part of the uncleanness is in the room and part of it directly [below] the hatchway, the house becomes unclean and what is directly [above] the uncleanness becomes unclean. If part of the source of uncleanness is under the house and part is under the hatchway, then the house becomes unclean as if the entire source of uncleanness was in the house. Anything found directly above the part of the impurity that was in the hatchway is impure. But things found opposite the hatchway but not directly above or below the source of impurity remain pure.
