(Números 30:10): "Y el voto de una viuda o de una mujer divorciada ... permanecerá con ella". ¿Cómo es eso? Si ella dijo: "Seré nazareno después de treinta días", aunque estuvo casada dentro de treinta días, él no puede anularlo. [El verso no es necesario para sí mismo (es decir, para la instancia común), porque si ella no tiene esposo, ¿quién lo anulará? Debe referirse, entonces, a una instancia en la que había enviudado por algún tiempo y el tiempo del voto (es decir, de su efecto) no llegó hasta después de que nos casamos. ("No puede anularlo" :) a pesar de que el voto surte efecto cuando ella está casada con él; para el momento del voto es el criterio (para la anulación).] Si ella juró mientras estaba en el dominio de su esposo, él lo anula por ella (incluso si va a tener efecto después). ¿Cómo es eso? Si ella dijo: "Seré nazareno después de treinta días", incluso si enviudó o se divorció dentro de treinta días, se anula. Si ella prometió un día, y se divorció ese día, y lo retomó ese día, [después de lo cual escuchó de su voto], él no puede anularlo [ya que ella entró en su propio dominio entre el voto y la anulación, el el esposo no está facultado para anular votos anteriores.] Esta es la regla: si una mujer ingresa a su propio dominio por (incluso) un momento, él (su esposo) no puede anularlo (un voto previo).
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ונדר אלמנה וגרושה – for itself, it does not require a [verse from] Scripture, for since she doesn’t have a husband, who will annul/absolve [her vow? But rather, when she made a vow when she is a widow for a time, and the time for the vow didn’t arrive until she married.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
The Torah states that a widow and a divorcee’s vows are binding. This ruling is seemingly obvious, for a widow and a divorcee do not have any husband who could possibly annul their vows. In order to prevent the Torah from being obvious, the mishnah finds situations in which the ruling is not so obvious.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אינו יכול להפר – even though that the vow takes effect when she is under him, for we follow/go after the time of the vow.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
After quoting the verse from Numbers, the mishnah proceeds to explain it in a way that it is not overly simple.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
נדרה בו ביום גרשה בו ביום והחזירה בו ביום – and aftwerards, he heard about her vow.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
“But every vow of a widow and of a divorcee… shall be binding upon her” (Numbers 30:9). How is this so? If she said, “Behold, I will be a nazirite after thirty days”, even if she married within the thirty days, he cannot annul it. In this case the woman vowed before she was married but vowed in such a way that the vow would not begin to take effect for another thirty days. During the thirty days before the vow takes effect, she was married. Although the vow begins to take effect when she is already married, her husband cannot annul it because she made the vow before she was married.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אינו יכול להפר – since she left to her own domain, between the vow and its absolution, for the husband does not absolve things that precede [him].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
If she vows while in her husband’s domain, he can annul [the vow] for her. How is this so? If she said, “Behold, I will be a nazirite after thirty days,” [and her husband annulled it], even though she was widowed or divorced within the thirty days, it is annulled. This case is opposite to that in the previous section. Here the woman vows while still married, but stipulates that the vow will not take effect for another thirty days. While still married, before the vow takes effect, the husband annuls the vow. Even though by the time the vow took effect she was already divorced, since the husband annulled it while she was still married, the vow is annulled.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
If she vowed on one day, and he divorced her on the same day and took her back on the same day, he cannot annul it. This is the general rule: once she has gone into her own domain [even] for a single hour, he cannot annul. In this case, she vowed while married, was then divorced and then remarried on the same day (seemingly a theoretical situation, or two people who have trouble making up their minds!). The mishnah teaches that the husband can no longer annul the vow that she took during their first marriage, even though the second marriage was on the very same day. In the last clause, containing the general rule, the mishnah explains that if she had gone out of her husband’s domain before he annulled the vow, he cannot subsequently annul the vow. This is what the Torah means when it states that a widow or divorcee must keep their vows. Sometimes they must keep them even though they made the vow when they were married.
