[Con respecto a] la ofrenda por el pecado del pájaro, uno es responsable de meilah una vez que han sido santificados. Una vez que fueron sacrificados a través de melika [el kohen perfora la parte posterior del cuello del pájaro con su uña del pulgar] se vuelven susceptibles de no ser elegibles [si son tocados] por un tevul yom [una persona que se ha sumergido en la mikve ese día y espera puesta de sol para volverse puro] o [una persona que es] un kippurim mechusar [carece de expiación; él todavía no ha traído su sacrificio], o a través de linah [dejando ciertas porciones de ciertas ofrendas de la noche a la mañana, invalidándolas]. Una vez que se ha rociado su sangre, uno es responsable de pigul , notar y tamei , y uno es responsable de meilah .
Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
חטאת העוף. הוכשרה ליפסל – that is to say, from when the bird is killed by pinching its neck with a finger nail, holiness is added to it, and it becomes disqualified if a טבול יום /a Kohen who has immersed himself that day, but is awaiting sunset, had come in contact with it or someone lacking atonement/מחוסר כפורים (i.e., like a woman after childbirth, a male or woman with a flux, a healed leper who have to bring a sacrifice to complete their purification). But especially if It was disqualified by a Tevul Yom. But it does not become unclean to make others unclean, for just as the Tevul Yom disqualifies the heave-offering/Terumah, so it also disqualifies that which is holy.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Meilah
Introduction
This entire chapter discusses various states of preparation of every type of sacrifice, and when the sacrifice becomes liable for various prohibitions. As we shall see, the pattern of this mishnah is repeated throughout this highly stylized chapter. There are some halakhot that I will explain here and then refer to throughout the mishnah, so save the commentary for future reference.
The first topic is the bird hatat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
הוזה דמה חייבין עליה משום פגול – for it refers to the sprinkling of the sin offering of a bird in the place of sprinkling of an animal/cattle, for sprinkling [of the blood] establishes disqualification of an offering of inappropriate intention when he thought about it prior to this like the sprinkling of the blood of cattle and furthermore, there is the prohibition of remnant and impurity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Meilah
The law of sacrilege applies to the hatat of a bird from the moment of its dedication. As soon as a bird hatat is dedicated, it is subject to the laws of sacrilege, even when it is still alive. Since it is still not edible to the priests, the laws of sacrilege apply (see 1:1).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Meilah
ואין בה מעילה – for since its blood had been sprinkled there is [in it] a moment of availability for the Kohanim.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Meilah
With the pinching of its neck it becomes susceptible to be disqualified through contact with a tevul yom or one who still requires atonement, or by remaining overnight. Once its neck is pinched, which is how bird sacrifices are slaughtered, it is now subject to disqualification by contact with a “tevul yom.” A “tevul yom” is a person who has immersed in the mikveh but is not fully pure until the sun sets that evening (see Leviticus 22:7). It can also be disqualified by contact with a person who has gone through his purification process but must still bring the requisite sacrifices the next day (see Keritot 2:1). If the blood remains overnight without being sprinkled on the altar, the sacrifice is disqualified.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Meilah
Once its blood has been sprinkled it is subject to [the laws of] piggul, notar and defilement, but the law of sacrilege no longer applies to it. Once the blood has been sprinkled, its flesh is edible and is therefore liable to the laws of piggul, notar and defilement. Piggul is a disqualification that occurs if the priest sacrifices it with the intention of eating it after it can no longer be eaten. Notar is remnat, and defilement refers to the prohibition of eating a sacrifice that has been ritually defiled. Since the bird hatat can now be eaten by the priests, it is no longer subject to the laws of sacrilege.
