Comentario sobre Keilim 20:5
כֹּפֶת שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בְנִדְבָּךְ, קְבָעוֹ וְלֹא בָנָה עָלָיו, בָּנָה עָלָיו וְלֹא קְבָעוֹ, טָמֵא. קְבָעוֹ וּבָנָה עָלָיו, טָהוֹר. מַפָּץ שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַקּוֹרוֹת, קְבָעוֹ וְלֹא נָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה, נָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה וְלֹא קְבָעוֹ, טָמֵא. קְבָעוֹ וְנָתַן עָלָיו אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה, טָהוֹר. קְעָרָה שֶׁקְּבָעָהּ בְּשִׁדָּה תֵּבָה וּמִגְדָּל, כְּדֶרֶךְ קַבָּלָתָהּ, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁלֹּא כְדֶרֶךְ קַבָּלָתָהּ, טְהוֹרָה:
Un bloque de madera que fijó a una fila en una pared, ya sea que lo haya arreglado y no lo haya construido, o lo haya construido pero no lo haya reparado, es susceptible a la impureza. Si lo arregló y también construyó sobre él, es puro. El hecho de que se haya extendido sobre las vigas del techo, tanto si lo arregló pero no colocó la yesería, como si lo colocó pero no lo arregló, es susceptible a la impureza. Si lo arregló y colocó yeso sobre él, es puro. Un plato que fijó en un cofre, caja o armario: si [lo hizo] para que contenga [su contenido] de la forma habitual, es susceptible a la impureza, pero si no puede contener [su contenido] en la forma habitual camino, es puro.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כופת (a stool/a block with a concave top to sit upon) – a vessel designated for sitting. And it is of date-palm.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A wood block that was fixed to a row on a wall, whether he fixed it and did not built upon it or built upon it but did not fix it, it is susceptible to uncleanness. If he fixed it and also built upon, it is clean. The Rambam explains that the "row on a wall" referred to here is the scaffolding in between which builders make their wall. The "wood block" is a thick piece of wood that the builders attach to the wall and to the building adjacent to the wall in order to keep the wall close to the building. If he fixes it to the wall but does not build upon it, or if he builds upon it but does not fix it to the wall, then the wood block is not considered part of the building and it is still susceptible to impurity. But if he fixes it to the wall and builds upon it, then it is part of the building and it is not susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שקבעו בנדבך (that was fixed into a course of the wall, course of bricks/stones) – in the row of the building.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Matting that was spread over the roof-beams, whether he fixed it but did not put on the plasterwork or whether he put on the plasterwork but did not fix it, it is susceptible to uncleanness. If it was fixed and he laid plasterwork over it, it is clean. The matting is used here as a base for the plasterwork which will serve as the ceiling to the house. If the matting has been fixed to the beams but the plasterwork has not yet been put on, or if the plasterwork has been put on, but it has not yet been fixed to the beams, it is not yet part of the building, and it is still susceptible to impurity. The matting is part of the building and therefore clean, only if it has the plasterwork and has been fixed to the building.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בנה עליו ולא קבעו (built upon it but did not fix it) – in the manner that the artisans do when building an arch/doorway over the boards and afterwards sawing them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A dish that was fixed to a chest, box or cupboard: If in such a manner as to hold its contents in the usual way, it is susceptible to uncleanness, But if it was in a manner that it cannot hold its contents in the usual way it is clean. The chest, box or cupboard referred to here are large enough so that they are not susceptible to impurity. If one attaches a dish to one of these things in such a way that the dish can still hold things, that is the mouth of the dish faces up, the dish is still susceptible to impurity. But if he attaches it face down (not sure why one would do such a thing) then it is considered nullified vis a vis the chest, box or cupboard and it is clean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טמא – if he person with gonorrhea sat on the building that he is upon, the stool/block with a concave top to sit on that is under the building is defiled. For the person with gonorrhea defiles that which he sits upon and that which he lies upon that is under the stone used for closing a pit (which may be over a corpse). And similarly, they fixed it but did not build upon it and the person with gonorrhea sat upon it when it is fixed, it is ritually impure, but it is not nullified in this. But when he fixed it and built upon it, it is nullified in regard to the wall, and it is like a wall.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מפץ (a mat of reeds, bark, the poor man’s mattress) – like the species of matting made from reeds or from bulrushes/reed-grass.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
על גבי הקורות – of the attic.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מעזיבה (a concrete of stone chippings, clay) – plaster and pebbles of stones that one places on the room. And all the while that one did not fix the mat of reeds in the walls and the person with gonorrhea sat on the concrete of stone chippings, the mat is defiled that is below it, but it is not annulled from the laws of a vessels, for if he wanted, he could take it. And similarly, if he fixed it but did not place upon it the concrete of stones and the person with gonorrhea sat upon it, it is impure from sitting. But it is not annulled until he fixes it and places the concrete of stone chippings upon it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כדרך קבלתה – its rims below.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כדרך שלא קבלתה – its rims above.
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