Un curso de agua que pasa por un patio [(Incluso en un dominio privado, es un karmelith (un dominio distinto)] —está prohibido llenarlo en Shabat a menos que uno haga una partición para él [en medio de su cavidad a lo largo de su ancho, que es claramente reconocible como hecho para el curso de agua], diez tefachim de altura, en su entrada y en su término. R. Yehudah dijo: El muro encima de él se considera una partición. R. Yehudah dice: Sucedió con el curso de agua de Avel, [que pasó a través de los patios] que llenaron (agua) de él [en los patios] al gobernar los ancianos en Shabat, [la partición del muro del patio aprovechando ese fin, R. Yehudah es consistente con su decisión en la que también difiere con respecto a un agujero. La halajá no está de acuerdo con él.] Ellos le dijeron: No tenía el tamaño requerido [para un karmelith, ya que no tenía diez tefachim de profundidad o cuatro tefachim de ancho, sin que el agua no se convirtiera en un dominio en sí mismo para ser considerado un karmelith. Si le hicieron una partición en la entrada y no en la terminal, no sirve, ya que está conectado al agua fuera del patio en su emisión, de modo que todo se convierte en un karmelith. Si lo hicieron en la terminal, pero no en la entrada, tampoco sirve, ya que está conectado a las aguas superiores fuera del patio. Pero si hicieron particiones tanto en la entrada como en la terminal, sí sirven, porque entonces las aguas dan la apariencia de comenzar en este patio.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אמת המים – even in the private domain, it is a Karmelit (i.e., an intermediate domain between a private domain and a public domain, established by the Sages. The Sages extended the prohibition against carrying on Shabbat from a private domain to a public domain or carerying within the public domain to include certain areas which resemble a public domain. Any open area larger than four square handbreadths that is not a public thoroughfare is in the category of a Karmelit, i.e., fields, seas, rivers, alleyways and lanes. On Shabbat it is prohibited to caerry four cubits within a karmelit or to transfer from a private or public domain to a karmelit and vice versa).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah deals with drawing water from a water-channel that goes through a courtyard.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
עשו לה מחיצה – with the rim over the face of its width which is recognized that it was made for the water.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
A water channel that passes through a courtyard they do not draw water from there on Shabbat unless they made for it a partition ten handbreadths high at its entrance and exit. The water channel is at least four handbreadths wide and ten handbreadths deep, and therefore it is a separate domain, one that is called a “karmelit”. Since the courtyard is a private domain, it is forbidden to draw water from the “karmelit” on Shabbat. In order to allow drawing water from it, they need to make a special partition above or below it, as we learned concerning the cistern in yesterday’s mishnah. In this case, they must make the partition both at the channel’s entrance and the channel’s exit.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מעשה באמה של אבל – the name of a city, that would pass within the courtyards and they would fill from it in the courtyards for the partitions of the wall of the courtyard that were suspended upon it were beneficial. Bug Rabbi Yehuda, according to his reasoning who argued also regarding a cistern, but the Halakha is not according to him.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah says: the wall above it may be regarded as a partition. As he did in yesterday’s mishnah, Rabbi Judah holds that the courtyard wall, which goes over the channel, is sufficient to allow drawing from it on Shabbat.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
שלא היה בה שיעור – A Karmelit, that was not ten [handbreadths] deep or was not four [handbreadths] wide, where the waters are not made into a domain into themselves to be considered a Karmelit unless it is ten [handbreadths] deep and four [handbreadths] wide. If they made it at the entrance but not at the exit, it does not benefit at all, for it connected to the water that is outside of the courtyard in its departure, and it all becomes a Karmelit; [but, if they made it – (i.e., the partition) at the exit but not at the entrance it also does not benefit, for it is connected to the water that is above outside of this courtyard. But if they made it at its entrance and at its exit, it benefits, that it appears] as if they begin in this courtyard.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah said: it happened with the water-channel of Avel that they would draw water was from it on Shabbat on the authority of the elders. They said to him: because it was not of the prescribed size. Rabbi Judah relates a story that took place in Avel (a town in the Lower Galilee) where people drew from the channel on Shabbat, and the elders who were in the courtyard allowed it to happen. The Sages respond that the reason that the elders allowed people to draw from this channel was that it was not four handbreadths wide and ten deep. In such a case it is not its own domain, but rather it takes on the status of the domain in which it is situation. Therefore, everyone agrees that the residents of the courtyard can draw from it. Thee elders of Avel did not permit the drawing of the water because of the wall, as Rabbi Judah believed.
