R. Eliezer b. Yaakov dice: Una rutina [hecha para que el agua derramada en el patio fluya hacia el dominio público], abovedada [una distancia de] cuatro por cuatro codos en el dominio público, [cuatro codos son suficientes para absorber los dos sa'ah de agua suficiente para el uso de un día]—se puede derramar agua en Shabat, [porque el agua termina y no sale al dominio público.] Los sabios dicen: Incluso si el techo o el patio fueran cien codos, uno no puede derramar (agua directamente) sobre la rutina [Porque si derrama el agua sobre la rutina, fluye directamente al dominio público, y el espectador supone que la derramó de techo a techo para que el agua fluya hacia la rutina. El patio y la achsadrah (ver 8: 4) se combinan para (el requisito) cuatro codos. [Si hay en el patio junto con la achsadrah de cuatro por cuatro codos, se combinan y se permite derramar agua allí sin hacer un agujero (ver 8: 9).]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ביב (pipe, canal) – a trench that is made in order that the water will cause an uninterrupted flow [when they pour] it in the courtyard to the public thoroughfare, and It is arched/covered over through four cubits to the public thoroughfare, for in four cubits there is a limit to absorb in them the two Seah of water that a person consumes on each day.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
Our mishnah is a continuation of yesterday’s mishnah, which dealt with the problem of pouring out waste water on Shabbat. Today’s mishnah deals with a person who is in a courtyard and wants to pour his waste water into a sewage drain which leads out to the public domain.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
שופכין לתוכו – that the water terminates and does not go to the public thoroughfare (see Tractate Eruvin 88a-b).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: a sewage drain which is covered over four cubits in the public domain, it is permitted to pour water into it on Shabbat. The person is in his courtyard and wants to pour water out into the sewage drain. If the drain is four cubits long in the public domain but is covered, then he may pour out the water, according to Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov. This is because an area four cubits long and four cubits wide is sufficient to absorb the average amount of water a person uses during the day. The covered drain has the same status as the courtyard itself, and therefore, it is as if the water remains in the courtyard. Even though the water will afterwards leave the covered part and go into the non-covered part of the drain, he is still allowed to do so because he initially put the water into the covered part.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
לא ישפוך על פי הביב – for it is poured by a living person, it flows in an uninterrupted flow explicitly to the public thoroughfare, and a person who sees it states that they poured them near his exit to the public thoroughfare. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
But the Sages say: even where a roof or a courtyard was a hundred cubits in area, he may not pour water over the mouth of the drain, but he may pour upon the roof, and the water will flow into the drain. The Sages are more strict than Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov and say that he should never pour water into a sewage drain, even if 100 cubits of it are covered by a roof or if he is 100 cubits from the exit to the public domain. The Talmud explains that this is prohibited lest people think that he is pouring directly into the public domain, and think that just as it is permitted to pour water from the private domain into the public domain, so too it is permitted to carry things from one domain to the other. However, the sages do allow one to pour water on a roof or on the ground in the courtyard, even though the water will then flow to the sewage drain, since this is more indirect.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מצטרפין לד' אמות – if there is in the courtyard with the covered place in front of the house that is four cubits by four cubits, they combine, and it is permitted to pour water into it and there is no need for a cavity/pit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
The courtyard and the portico combined to make up the four cubits. This section refers back to yesterday’s mishnah which taught that if the courtyard was smaller than four square cubits, it is forbidden to pour water out onto the ground unless there is a drainage trough. The mishnah now states that the portico (an area with columns supporting a roof) counts towards the size of the courtyard, so that if the two together add up to four cubits, one may pour out water there.
