Zavim 5

הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּזָּב אוֹ שֶׁהַזָּב נוֹגֵע בּוֹ, הַמַּסִּיט אֶת הַזָּב אוֹ שֶׁהַזָּב מַסִּיטוֹ, מְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים וּכְלֵי שֶׁטֶף בְּמַגָּע, אֲבָל לֹא בְמַשָּׂא. כְּלָל אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כָּל הַמְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בִּשְׁעַת מַגָּעוֹ, מְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה, וְהַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת, וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא לֹא אָדָם וְלֹא כְלֵי חֶרֶס. לְאַחַר פְּרִישָׁתוֹ מִמְּטַמְּאָיו, מְטַמֵּא מַשְׁקִין לִהְיוֹת תְּחִלָּה, וְהָאֳכָלִין וְהַיָּדַיִם לִהְיוֹת שְׁנִיּוֹת, וְאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים:

If one [who is clean] touches a <i>zav</i> or if a <i>zav</i> touches him, [or] if one moves a <i>zav</i>, or if a <i>zav</i> moves him, he renders unclean food, drink and utensils that can be rinsed [immersed in a mikva and thereby made clean] through touch, but not through carryinng. Rabbi Yehoshua stated [the following] general principle, Anyone that renders garments unclean while in contact [with the source of his uncleanliness], renders unclean food and liquids to become a first level uncleanliness and the hands to become a second level of uncleanliness, and does not render unclean people or earthenware vessels. After he has separated from the source of his uncleanliness, he renders unclean liquids to become a first level uncleanliness, and food and hands to become a second level of uncleanliness, and he does nor tender garments unclean.

וְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמְרוּ. כֹּל הַנִּשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי הַזָּב, טָמֵא. וְכֹל שֶׁהַזָּב נִשָּׂא עָלָיו, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִן הָרָאוּי לְמִשְׁכָּב וּלְמוֹשָׁב וְהָאָדָם. כֵּיצַד. אֶצְבָּעוֹ שֶׁל זָב תַּחַת הַנִּדְבָּךְ, הַטָּהוֹר מִלְמַעְלָן, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. הַטָּמֵא מִלְמַעְלָן וְהַטָּהוֹר מִלְּמַטָּן, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. הָאֳכָלִין וְהַמַּשְׁקִין, הַמִּשְׁכָּב, וְהַמּוֹשָׁב וְהַמַּדָּף מִלְמַעְלָן, מְטַמְּאִין שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסְלִין אֶחָד. פֵּרְשׁוּ, מְטַמְּאִין אֶחָד וּפוֹסְלִין אֶחָד. וְהַמִּשְׁכָּב וְהַמּוֹשָׁב מִלְּמַטָּן, מְטַמְּאִין שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסְלִין אֶחָד. פֵּרְשׁוּ, מְטַמְּאִין שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסְלִין אֶחָד. הָאֳכָלִין וְהַמַּשְׁקִין וְהַמַּדָּף מִלְּמַטָּן, טְהוֹרִין:

Another general rule they said, Anything that is carried above a <i>zav</i> [even though there is no contact] becomes unclean and all things above which he [the <i>zav</i>] is carried is clean except objects on which he can sit or lie upon and a person. How so [does this law apply]? [If] the finger of a <i>zav</i> was under a layer of stones and one [a person] that is clean is [sitting] above, he renders unclean at two [levels] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. If he separated himself [from the source of unclenaliness], he renders unclean at one [level] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. If the unclean one was above, and the clean one below, he renders unclean at two [levels], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. If he separated himself [from the source of uncleanness], he renderds unclean at one [level] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. [If] food, liquids or objects on which he can sit or lie upon or <i>madaf</i> [other articles] were above [the <i>zav</i>], he renders unclean at two [levels], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. If he separated himself [from the source of uncleanness], he renderds unclean at one [level] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. If objects on which he can sit or lie upon were below [the <i>zav</i>], he renders unclean at two [levels], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. If he separated himself [from the source of uncleanness], he renderds unclean at two [levels] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. If food, liquids and a <i>madaf</i> are below they are clean.

מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, כֹּל הַנּוֹשֵׂא וְנִשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי מִשְׁכָּב, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִן הָאָדָם. כֹּל הַנּוֹשֵׂא וְנִשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי הַנְּבֵלָה, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִן הַמַּסִּיט. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַנּוֹשֵׂא. כֹּל הַנּוֹשֵׂא וְנִשָּׂא עַל גַּבֵּי הַמֵּת, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִן הַמַּאֲהִיל, וְאָדָם בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מַסִּיט:

[The reason for the previous law] is because, whatever carries or is carried by items which one can lie upon is clean except a person. Whatever carries or is carried by a corpse of an animal is clean, except for one that moves it. Rabbi Eliezer says, also one that carries it. Whatever carries or is carried upon by a [human] corpse is clean except for the one that overshadows it, or a person when he moves it.

מִקְצָת טָמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר וּמִקְצָת טָהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, חִבּוּרֵי טָמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר וְחִבּוּרֵי טָהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִקְצָת טָמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר, טָמֵא. וּמִקְצָת טָהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, טָהוֹר:

[If] part of an unclean person [<i>zav</i>] is on a clean person or part of a clean person is on an unclean person, [or if] things that are connected [such as teeth, hair or nails] of the unclean person are on a clean person, or the things that are connected to a clean person are on an unclean person, they are unclean. Rabbi Shimon says, [If] part of an unclean person is on a clean person, he is unclean, [but if] part of a clean person is on an unclean person, he is clean.

הַטָּמֵא עַל מִקְצָת הַמִּשְׁכָּב וְהַטָּהוֹר עַל מִקְצָת הַמִּשְׁכָּב, טָמֵא. מִקְצָת טָמֵא עַל הַמִּשְׁכָּב וּמִקְצָת טָהוֹר עַל הַמִּשְׁכָּב, טָהוֹר. נִמְצֵאת טֻמְאָה נִכְנֶסֶת לוֹ וְיוֹצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ בְּמִעוּטוֹ. וְכֵן כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל גַּבֵּי מִשְׁכָּב וְהַנְּיָר בֵּינְתַיִם, בֵּין מִלְמַעְלָן בֵּין מִלְּמַטָּן, טָהוֹר. וְכֵן בְּאֶבֶן הַמְנֻגַּעַת, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַמֵּא בָזוֹ:

[If] an unclean person rests on part of an object fit to lie upon [or if] a clean person rests on part of an object fit to lie upon it becomes unclean. If part of an unclean person rests on an object fit to lie upon, or part of a clean person rests upon an object fit to lie upon, it is clean. Thus we find that uncleanliness can be contracted and communicated by its lesser part. Similarly, if a loaf [of bread] of <i>teruma</i> [a portion of a crop given to a <i>kohen</i>], was placed upon an object fit to lie upon [that was unclean] and there is paper between them, whether [the loaf] is on top or it is on the bottom it is clean. Similarly [if ] there was an stone with diseased patches on it that render it unclean, [either on top or below the loaf of bread separated by a pice of paper] it is clean. Rabbi Shimon declared thai in such a case it is unclean.

הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּזָב, וּבְזָבָה, וּבְנִדָּה, וּבְיוֹלֶדֶת, וּבִמְצֹרָע, בְּמִשְׁכָּב, וּמוֹשָׁב, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, אֶחָד הַנּוֹגֵעַ וְאֶחָד הַמַּסִּיט וְאֶחָד הַנּוֹשֵׂא וְאֶחָד הַנִּשָּׂא:

One who touches a <i>zav</i> [or] a <i>zava</i> [a woman with a discharge] [or] a <i>niddah</i> [menstruating woman] or a woman who has recently given birth, or a <i>metzora</i> [a person suffering form an unsightly skin disease], or any object on which these have been sitting or lying, they render unclean at two [levels] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. If he separated himself [from the source of uncleanness], he renderds unclean at one [level] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. [The law applies] whether one touched, moved, carried or was carried.

הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּזוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב, וּבְרֻקּוֹ, בְּשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ, בְּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו, וּבְדַם הַנִּדָּה, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, אֶחָד הַנּוֹגֵעַ וְאֶחָד הַמַּסִּיט. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַנּוֹשֵׂא:

One who touches the discharge of a <i>zav</i>, his spittle, his semen, his urine, or the blood of a menstruant, he renders unclean at two [levels], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. If he separated himself [from the source of uncleanness], he renderds unclean at one [level] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. [The law is the same] whether one touched [it] or moved [it]. Rabbi Eliezer says, even if he carried [it].

הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַמֶּרְכָּב וְהַנִּשָּׂא עָלָיו וְהַמַּסִּיטוֹ, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַנְּבֵלָה, וְאֶת מֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד:

If one [a clean person] carries something which was ridden upon [i.e. a saddle] or if he was carried on it, or if he moved it, he renders unclean at two [levels], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. If he separated himself [from the source of uncleanness], he renderds unclean at one [level] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more]. If one carried the corpse of an animal or the water [mixed with the ashes] of [the red heifer] sin offering of which there was sufficient for a sprinkling [because ashes of a red cow are mixed in] of an amount that can be sprinkled, he renders unclean at two [levels], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. If he separated himself [from the source of uncleanness], he renderds unclean at one [level] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more].

הָאוֹכֵל מִנִּבְלַת עוֹף טָהוֹר וְהִיא בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. הִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, טָהוֹר, וְטָהוֹר הַתַּנּוּר. הֱקִיאָהּ אוֹ בְלָעָהּ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. וּכְשֶׁהִיא בְתוֹךְ פִּיו, עַד שֶׁיִּבְלָעֶנָּה, טָהוֹר:

If one ate the carcass of a clean [kosher] bird and it is [still] in his gullet, he renders unclean at two [levels], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. [If] he stuck his head into the air-space of an oven [while the carcass it still in his gullet], it is clean [redundant words] and the oven is clean. [If] he spit it out or swallowed it, he renders unclean at one [level], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. But as long as it is [still] in his mouth until he swallows it, he is clean.

הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּשֶׁרֶץ וּבְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, וּבִטְמֵא מֵת, וּבִמְצֹרָע בִּימֵי סָפְרוֹ, וּבְמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, וּבִנְבֵלָה, וּבְמֶרְכָּב, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּאַחַד מִכָּל אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, חוּץ מִן הָאָדָם. פֵּרַשׁ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד:

One who touches a [dead] <i>sheretz</i> [ a creeping animal], or semen or has acquired corpse uncleanliness or a leper during his days of counting or the water [mixed with the ashes] of [the red heifer] sin offering of which there was insufficient for a sprinkling or the carcass of an animal or an object ridden upon, he renders unclean at one [level], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more]. This is the general principle, anyone who touches anything that according to the Torah is of primary uncleanliness renders unclean at one [level], and disqualifies [terumah] at one [level more], except [the corpse] of a human. If he separated himself [from the source of uncleanness], he renderds unclean at one [level] and renders unfit [terumah] at one [level more].

בַּעַל קֶרִי, כְּמַגַּע שֶׁרֶץ. וּבוֹעֵל נִדָּה, כִּטְמֵא מֵת, אֶלָּא שֶׁחָמוּר מִמֶּנּוּ בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב טֻמְאָה קַלָּה לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין:

A <i>ba'al keri</i> [one who had a nocturnal seminal emission] is [unclean] like one who touched a <i>sheretz</i> [he does not become a father of uncleanness]. One who has sexual relaions with a menstruant is [unclean] like one who has corpse uncleanliness [and is a father of uncleanness]. However, the one who had sexual relaions with a menstruant is more stringent, because he conveys minor grades of uncleanliness to what he lies or sits on, so as to make foods and liquids unclean.

אֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִים אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. הָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל רִאשׁוֹן, וְהָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל שֵׁנִי, וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין, וְהַבָּא רֹאשׁוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ בְּמַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, וְטָהוֹר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְעַל רֻבּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, וְהַסֵּפֶר, וְהַיָּדַיִם, וּטְבוּל יוֹם, וְהָאֳכָלִים וְהַכֵּלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְמַשְׁקִים:

The following invalidate <i>teruma</i>, one who eats food of the first degree [of uncleanliness] one who eats food of the second degree [of uncleanliness], one who drinks unclean liquids, one immerses [ritually] his head and the greater part [of his body] in water drawn, a clean person upon whose head and greater part of his body fell three <i>log</i> [measure of volume] of drawn water [for until he has obtained complete immersion his touch invalidates terumah], or a scroll [of scriptures], [unwashed] hands, a <i>tevul yom</i> [one who has immersed in a <i>mikvah</i> but must wait until sunset to be rendered clean], food or vessels that became unclean by liquids.