Zavim 4

רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, נִדָּה שֶׁיָּשְׁבָה עִם הַטְּהוֹרָה בְּמִטָּה, כִּפָּה שֶׁבְּרֹאשָׁהּ טָמֵא מִדְרָס. יָשְׁבָה בִסְפִינָה, כֵּלִים שֶׁבְּרֹאשׁ הַנֵּס שֶׁבַּסְּפִינָה טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. נוֹטֶלֶת עֲרֵבָה מְלֵאָה בְגָדִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁמַּשָּׂאָן כָּבֵד, טְמֵאִין. בִּזְמַן שֶׁמַּשָּׂאָן קַל, טְהוֹרִין. זָב שֶׁהִקִּישׁ עַל כְּצוֹצְרָא, וְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָהוֹר:

Rabbi Yehoshua says, [If] a <i>niddah</i> [a menstruant woman] sat with a clean woman on a bed, [even] the cap on her [the clean woman's] head are unclean due to [uncleanliness called] <i>midras</i> [treading contact]. [If] she [the menstruant woman] sat in a boat, [even] the vessels that are on top of the mast are unclean due to <i>midras</i>. [If] she took a tub of clothes, if their weight was heavy, they are unclean, [If] their weight was light, they are clean. [If] a <i>zav </i> knocks against a balcony, and [as a result] a loaf of <i>terumah</i> falls, it remains clean.

הִקִּישׁ עַל הַמָּרִישׁ, עַל הַמַּלְבֵּן, עַל הַצִּנּוֹר, וְעַל הַדַּף, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא עָשׂוּי בַּחֲבָלִים, עַל הַתַּנּוּר, וְעַל הַיָּם, וְעַל אִצְטְרֻבָּל, וְעַל חֲמוֹר שֶׁל רֵחַיִם שֶׁל יָד, וְעַל סְאָה שֶׁל רֵחַיִם שֶׁל זֵיתִים, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל קוֹרַת הַבַּלָּנִין, טָהוֹר:

[If a <i>zav </i>] knocked [against] a joist, a rafter frame, a [water] pipe, a shelf, although it is secured [only] with ropes [not with nails], an oven, a flour receiver [to collect the flour after it is ground], a lower mill-stone, the [wooden] base of a of a hand mill, the <i> se'ah</i> [a specific unit of volume] measure of an olive grinder [fixed to the ground], Rabbi Yose says, also [if he knocks] into the bath attendant's board, it [remains] clean.

הִקִּישׁ עַל הַדֶּלֶת, עַל הַנֶּגֶר, עַל הַמַּנְעוּל, עַל הַמָּשׁוֹט, וְעַל הַקֶּלֶת, וְעַל אִילָן שֶׁכֹּחוֹ רַע, וְעַל סוֹכָה שֶׁכֹּחָהּ רַע, עַל אִילָן יָפֶה, עַל סֻלָּם מִצְרִי בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינוֹ קָבוּעַ בְּמַסְמֵר, עַל הַכֶּבֶשׁ, עַל הַקּוֹרָה וְעַל הַדֶּלֶת בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָן עֲשׂוּיִין בְּטִיט, טְמֵאִין. עַל הַשִּׁדָּה, עַל הַתֵּבָה וְעַל הַמִּגְדָּל, טְמֵאִין. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֲרִין בָּאֵלּוּ:

[If a <i>zav </i>] knocked against a door, a door-bolt, a lock, an oar, a mill-stone frame, a weak tree, a weak branch of a strong tree, on an Egyptian ladder that was not secured [to a wall] with a nail, [or they sat together] on a bridge, a rafter, on a door that was not made [secured] with clay, they are unclean. [If a <i>zav </i> knocked] on a chest, a box, a cupboard they are unclean. Rabbi Nechemia and Rabbi Shimon render them [the latter three case] clean.

זָב שֶׁהָיָה מֻטָּל עַל חֲמִשָּׁה סַפְסָלִים אוֹ עַל חָמֵשׁ פֻּנְדִּיּוֹת, לְאָרְכָּן, טְמֵאִין. לְרָחְבָּן, טְהוֹרִין. יָשֵׁן, סָפֵק שֶׁנִּתְהַפֵּךְ עֲלֵיהֶן, טְמֵאִין. הָיָה מֻטָּל עַל שִׁשָּׁה כִסְיוֹת, שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו עַל שְׁנַיִם, שְׁתֵּי רַגְלָיו עַל שְׁנַיִם, רֹאשׁוֹ עַל אֶחָד, גּוּפוֹ עַל אֶחָד, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא זֶה שֶׁתַּחַת הַגּוּף. עוֹמֵד עַל שְׁנֵי כִסְאוֹת, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם רְחוֹקִין זֶה מִזֶּה, טְהוֹרִין:

[If] a <i>zav </i> was lying on five benches or five money-bags, [if he was lying on them] lengthwise they are unclean, [if he was lying on them] breadthwise they are clean. [If] he slept [on them across their width and] there is doubt whether he turned over on them [along their length], they are unclean. If he was lying on six seats, [with] his two hands on two [seats], his two feet on two [seats], his head on one [seat], [and] his body on one [seat], only the one [seat] that was under his body is unclean. If he sood on two seats, Rabbi Shimon says, if they were distant from each other, they are clean.

עֶשֶׂר טַלִּיּוֹת זוֹ עַל גַּב זוֹ, יָשֵׁן עַל גַּבֵּי הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, כֻּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת. הַזָּב בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם וּמִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב כְּנֶגְדּוֹ, כָּרַע הַזָּב, טְהוֹרִין. כָּרְעוּ הֵן, טְמֵאִין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בִּיחִידִי, טָמֵא. וּבִמְרֻבִּין, טָהוֹר, שֶׁאֵין אֶחָד נוֹשֵׂא אֶת רֻבּוֹ:

Ten cloaks [piled] one on top of the other, [if a <i>zav </i>] slept on the top one, they are all unclean. [If] a <i>zav </i> was on one pan of a balance and [objects fit to] lie or sit on, were on the opposite side [pan], if the <i>zav </i> weighed down [his pan, thus pushing the objects up], they are clean. If it objects weighed down [pushing the <i>zav </i> up] they are unclean. Rabbi Shimon says, [if there was] a single [object to sit or lie on] it is unclean, [but] if there were many, they are clean, since none of them have supported the greater part [of the weight of the <i>zav </i>].

הַזָּב בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם וְאֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, טְמֵאִין. וּבַמֵּת, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִן הָאָדָם. זֶה חֹמֶר בַּזָּב מִבַּמֵּת. חֹמֶר בַּמֵּת מִבַּזָּב, שֶׁהַזָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב מִתַּחְתָּיו לְטַמֵּא אָדָם וּלְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, וְעַל גַּבָּיו מַדָּף לְטַמֵּא אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין, מַה שֶּׁאֵין הַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא. חֹמֶר בַּמֵּת, שֶׁהַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל וּמְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה, מַה שֶּׁאֵין הַזָּב מְטַמֵּא:

[If] a <i>zav </i> was on one pan a balance and food or liquid in the second pan, they are unclean. [In the case of] a corpse, everything [in the other pan] are clean except for a man [if a man is in the other pan and his pan went down and the corpse was raised]. This [is a case of] greater stringency applied to a <i>zav </i> than to a corpse, [but there is another case of] greater stringency applied to a corpse than to a <i>zav </i>. For a <i>zav </i> renders unclean by lying or sitting anything that is under him , to convey uncleanliness to people and garments, and [imparts into] whatever is above him <i>madaf</i> uncleanliness [uncleanliness arising from the unclean person's indirect contact], so that they render food and liquids unclean, [whereas] a corpse does not render them unclean. Greater stringency is found by a corpse, for the corpse conveys uncleanliness by overshadowing and imparts uncleanliness for seven days, which is not the case by a <i>zav </i>.

הָיָה יוֹשֵׁב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּטָּה וְאַרְבַּע טַלִּיּוֹת תַּחַת אַרְבַּע רַגְלֵי הַמִּטָּה, טְמֵאוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לַעֲמֹד עַל שָׁלשׁ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. הָיָה רוֹכֵב עַל גַּבֵּי בְהֵמָה וְאַרְבַּע טַלִּיּוֹת תַּחַת אַרְבַּע רַגְלֵי בְהֵמָה, טְהוֹרוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא יְכוֹלָה לַעֲמֹד עַל שְׁלשָׁה. הָיְתָה טַלִּית אַחַת תַּחַת שְׁנֵי יָדַיִם, תַּחַת שְׁנֵי רַגְלַיִם, תַּחַת יָד וָרֶגֶל, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַסּוּס מְטַמֵּא בְרַגְלָיו וְהַחֲמוֹר בְּיָדָיו, שֶׁמִּשְׁעֶנֶת הַסּוּס עַל רַגְלָיו וּמִשְׁעֶנֶת הַחֲמוֹר עַל יָדָיו. יָשַׁב עַל קוֹרַת בֵּית הַבַּד, כֵּלִים שֶׁבָּעֵקֶל טְמֵאִין. עַל הַמַּכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁל כּוֹבֵס, כֵּלִים שֶׁתַּחְתָּיו, טְהוֹרִין. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מְטַמֵּא:

If he [a <i>zav </i>] sat on a bed and there were four cloaks under the four legs of the bed, they are unclean, because [the bed] cannot stand on three [legs]. Rabbi Shimon renders them clean. If he [a <i>zav </i>] was riding on an animal and there were four cloaks under the four legs of the animal, they are clean, because [the animal] can stand on three [legs]. [If] there was one garment under its two forelegs [or] under its two hindlegs, [or] under a foreleg and a hind leg it is unclean. Rabbi Yose says, A horse imparts uncleanliness through its hind legs and the donkey through its forelegs, for a horse leans on it hind legs and a donkey leans on its forelegs. If he [a <i>zav </i>] sat on the beam of an olive press, the utensils in the rope-basket [where the olives are kept during the pressing process] are unclean. If he [a <i>zav </i> sat] on the laundryman's clothing- press, the utensils beneath them are clean. Rabbi Nechemia renders them unclean.