Temurah 2

יֵשׁ בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר, וְיֵשׁ בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד. שֶׁקָּרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד עוֹשִׂים תְּמוּרָה, וְקָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר אֵינָם עוֹשִׂים תְּמוּרָה. קָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד נוֹהֲגִין בִּזְכָרִים וּבִנְקֵבוֹת, וְקָרְבְּנוֹת צִבּוּר אֵינָן נוֹהֲגִין אֶלָּא בִזְכָרִים. קָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן וּבְאַחֲרָיוּת נִסְכֵּיהֶם, וְקָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר אֵין חַיָּבִין לֹא בְאַחֲרָיוּתָן וְלֹא בְאַחֲרָיוּת נִסְכֵּיהֶן, אֲבָל חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּת נִסְכֵּיהֶן מִשֶּׁקָּרַב הַזָּבַח. יֵשׁ בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר מַה שֶּׁאֵין בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד. שֶׁקָּרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר דּוֹחִין אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת וְאֶת הַטֻּמְאָה, וְקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד אֵינָן דּוֹחִים לֹא אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת וְלֹא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, וַהֲלֹא חֲבִתֵּי כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל וּפַר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, קָרְבַּן יָחִיד וְדוֹחִין אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת וְאֶת הַטֻּמְאָה. אֶלָּא שֶׁזְּמַנָּן קָבוּעַ:

There are [aspects] of individual sacrifices which are not [aspects] of public sacrifices, and there are [aspects] of public sacrifices which are not [aspects] of individual sacrifices, [namely,] that individual sacrifices can make a substituted animal, and public sacrifices cannot make a substituted animal; Individual sacrifices can be made with male or female [animals], and public sacrifices can only be made with males; [regarding] individual sacrifices and their libations, one is financially liable, [while regarding] public sacrifices and their libations, one is not financially liable. However, once is financially liable for their libations once the sacrifice has been offered. There are [aspects] of public sacrifices which are not [aspects] of individual sacrifices, [namely,]that [offering] public sacrifices sets aside Shabbat [prohibitions] and [priestly] impurity, and individual sacrifices do set aside neither Shabbat [prohibitions] nor [priestly] impurity. Rabbi Meir said: and are not the High Priest's grain-offering and [his] cow-offering on Yom Kippur individual sacrifices, yet they set aside Shabbat [prohibitions] and [priestly] impurity? Rather, [the reason that certain offering set aside Shabbat and impurity is] because their time [for their offering] is fixed.

חַטָּאת הַיָּחִיד שֶׁכִּפְּרוּ בְעָלָיו, מֵתוֹת. וְשֶׁל צִבּוּר, אֵינָן מֵתוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יָמוּתוּ. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מַה מָּצִינוּ בִּוְלַד חַטָּאת וּבִתְמוּרַת חַטָּאת וּבְחַטָּאת שֶׁמֵּתוּ בְעָלֶיהָ, בְּיָחִיד דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים אֲבָל לֹא בְצִבּוּר, אַף שֶׁכִּפְּרוּ הַבְּעָלִים וְשֶׁעָבְרָה שְׁנָתָן, בְּיָחִיד דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים אֲבָל לֹא בְצִבּוּר:

An individual's <i>chattat</i> [sin-offering] whose owners atoned [otherwise, i.e., via another sin-offering] is [secluded until it] dies; the public's <i>chattat</i> [of similar circumstances] is not [secluded until it] dies. Rabbi Yehuda said: they will [both be secluded until they] die. Rabbi Shimon said: what do we find regarding the offspring of a <i>chattat</i>, and the substitute for a <i>chattat</i>, and a <i>chattat</i> whose owner has died? These matters were spoken of regarding a individual [<i>chattat</i>], but not regarding a public [<i>chattat</i>] - likewise, regarding a <i>chattat</i> whose owners atone [otherwise] and <i>chattat</i> which has passed one year [of age], these matters were spoken of regarding a individual [<i>chattat</i>], but not regarding a public [<i>chattat</i>].

חֹמֶר בְּקָדָשִׁים מִבִּתְמוּרָה וּבִתְמוּרָה מִבְּקָדָשִׁים. שֶׁהַקֳּדָשִׁים עוֹשִׂים תְּמוּרָה וְאֵין תְּמוּרָה עוֹשָׂה תְמוּרָה. הַצִּבּוּר וְהַשֻּׁתָּפִין מַקְדִּישִׁים, אֲבָל לֹא מְמִירִים. וּמַקְדִּישִׁים אֵבָרִים וְעֻבָּרִים, אֲבָל לֹא מְמִירִים. חֹמֶר בִּתְמוּרָה, שֶׁהַקְּדֻשָּׁה חָלָה עַל בַּעֲלַת מוּם קָבוּעַ, וְאֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה לְחֻלִּין לְהִגָּזֵז וּלְהֵעָבֵד. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עָשָׂה שׁוֹגֵג כְּמֵזִיד בַּתְּמוּרָה, וְלֹא עָשָׂה שׁוֹגֵג כְּמֵזִיד בַּמֻּקְדָּשִׁים. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, הַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַטְּרֵפָה, וְיוֹצֵא דֹפֶן, טֻמְטוּם, וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס, לֹא קְדֵשִׁים וְלֹא מַקְדִּישִׁים:

[Original] holy [sacrifices] are more stringent [in some ways] than a substitute, and a substitute is [more stringent] than [original] holy [sacrifices] , as [original] holy [sacrifices] can make a substitute, yet a substitute cannot make a substitute. The public and partners can dedicate an animal, but they cannot substitute, and [one can] dedicate limbs and fetuses, but one cannot substitute [for them]. A substitute is more stringent, [in that] the holiness [imposed by the act of substitution] applies [even] to an animal with a permanent blemish, and it cannot be redeemed to be sheared or worked. Rabbi Yose bar Rabbi Yehuda said: They equated unintentional [action] with intentional action regarding substitution, but not with regards to [dedicating original] holy [sacrifices]. Rabbi Eliezer said: <i>Kilayim</i> [the products of forbidden crossbreeding], <i>terefot</i> [animals with a mortal condition such that they would die within one year], those born via Caesarian section, those of indeterminate sex and hermaphrodites - they neither can become sacred [offerings] nor [where already sacred] can they make [other animals] sacred [via substitution].