Tahorot 9

זֵיתִים מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. מִשֶּׁיַּזִּיעוּ זֵעַת הַמַּעֲטָן, אֲבָל לֹא זֵעַת הַקֻּפָּה, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שִׁעוּר זֵעָה שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּתְחַבְּרוּ שְׁלשָׁה זֶה לָזֶה. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים כִּדְבָרָיו:

Starting when are olives able to be rendered impure [by being primed for impurity by a liquid]? Once they sweat moisture in the vat [into which the olives are placed for them to soften for pressing], but not by moisture in the basket [into which they are placed after being picked], according to Beit Shammai. Rabbi Shimon says: the measure for sweat is three days [i.e. the moisture the olives sweat while in the vat does not prime them for impurity until they have been there for three days]. Beit Hillel says: when [they soften such that] three connect to one another [only then does the moisture that emerges from them prime them for impurity]. Rabban Gamliel says: once their work has been finished [i.e. once no more olives are being added to the vat, and they are ready to be brought to the olive press]; and the Sages say in accordance with him.

גָּמַר מִלִּמְסֹק אֲבָל עָתִיד לִקַּח, גָּמַר מִלִּקַּח אֲבָל עָתִיד לִלְווֹת, אֵרְעוֹ אֵבֶל, אוֹ מִשְׁתֶּה, אוֹ אֹנֶס, אֲפִלּוּ זָבִים וְזָבוֹת מְהַלְּכִים עֲלֵיהֶן, טְהוֹרִין. נָפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעָן, וְהַמֹּחַל הַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן טָהוֹר:

If one finished harvesting [his olives] but intends to buy, or finished buying but intends to borrow [more olives], if it happened that he became a mourner, or had a feast [to attend], or something unavoidable befell him [preventing him from getting more olives or pressing them], even if <i>zavim</i> and <i>zavot</i> [certain individuals with discharges that render them a Source of impurity] walk upon them [i.e. upon the olives he already had] they remain pure [as they have not become primed for impurity]. If impure liquids fell on them, only the area they touched is impure, and the sap that emerges from them is pure.

נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִין. נָפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין, טְמֵאִין. הַמֹּחַל הַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ עַל הַמֹּחַל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים, שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. וְעַל מַה נֶּחְלְקוּ. עַל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַבּוֹר, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין:

Once their work is finished they are thereby primed [for impurity]. If [impure] liquids fell on them, they are impure, and the sap that emerges from them, Rabbi Eliezer declares pure, and the Sages declare impure. Rabbi Shimon says: They do not differ regarding the sap that emerges from the olives, that it is pure. And regarding what do they differ? Regarding that [sap] which comes out of the vat [after the oil has been removed], which Rabbi Eliezer declares pure, and the Sages declare impure.

הַגּוֹמֵר אֶת זֵיתָיו וְשִׁיֵּר קֻפָּה אַחַת, יִתְּנֶנָּה לְעָנִי הַכֹּהֵן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ מִיָּד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵת לְעֵת:

One who finishes [harvesting] his olives, but leaves one remaining basket [and does not put it in the vat], he should place it in [the vat] before the eyes of a priest [i.e. so the priest can observe it as it is primed for impurity, and ensure that it does not become impure], according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: he should bring the key [to his olive press to a priest] immediately [but the priest does not have to be observing the whole time]. Rabbi Shimon says: [he should bring him they key] from hour to hour [i.e. bringing the key within twenty-four hours is sufficient].

הַמַּנִּיחַ זֵיתִים בַּכּוֹתֵשׁ שֶׁיִּמְתֹּנוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ נוֹחִין לִכְתֹּשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִים. שֶׁיִּמְתֹּנוּ שֶׁיִּמְלָחֵם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מֻכְשָׁרִים. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן מֻכְשָׁרִים. הַפּוֹצֵעַ זֵיתִים בְּיָדַיִם טְמֵאוֹת, טִמְּאָן:

One who leaves olives in the press for them to soften to be easier to press, they are thereby primed [for impurity, by the liquid that emerges from them]. If [one left olives in a press] for them to soften to be salted, Beit Shammai says: they are primed [for impurity]; and Beit Hillel says: they are not primed. One who crushes olives with impure hands has rendered them impure.

הַמַּנִּיחַ זֵיתָיו בַּגַּג לְגַרְגְּרָם, אֲפִלּוּ הֵן רוּם אַמָּה, אֵינָן מֻכְשָׁרִים. נְתָנָן בַּבַּיִת שֶׁיִּלְקוּ וְעָתִיד לְהַעֲלוֹתָם לַגַּג, נְתָנָן בַּגַּג שֶׁיִּלְקוּ אוֹ שֶׁיִּפְתְּחֵם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻכְשָׁרִין. נְתָנָן בַּבַּיִת עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁמֵּר אֶת גַּגּוֹ אוֹ עַד שֶׁיּוֹלִיכֵם לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, אֵינָן מֻכְשָׁרִין:

One who leaves one's olives on the roof for them to dry out into pieces [for eating], even if they are [piled as high as] a cubit tall, they are not primed [for impurity, even if they become moistened]. If one put them in the house for them to wither and he intends to bring them up to the roof, or if one put them on the roof for them to wither or to split them, these are thereby primed [for impurity, if they become moistened]. If one put them in the house until he protects his roof [i.e. improves his roof to create a sufficiently protected area in which to keep his olives] or until he moves them to another place, they are not primed [for impurity].

רָצָה לִטֹּל מֵהֶן בַּד אֶחָד אוֹ שְׁנֵי בַדִּין, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, קוֹצֶה בְטֻמְאָה וּמְחַפֶּה בְטָהֳרָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף מְחַפֶּה בְטֻמְאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, חוֹפֵר בְּקַרְדֻּמּוֹת שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת וּמוֹלִיךְ לְבֵית הַבַּד בְּטֻמְאָה:

If one intends to take one pressing or two pressings from them [from olives in the vat], Beit Shammai says: he may cut out [the olives for pressing] in impurity [i.e. with impure hands or utensils, as the olives are not primed to become impure], but he must cover them up [the remaining olives] in purity. And Beit Hillel says: he can even cover them in impurity. Rabbi Yose says: one may dig out [all the olives from the vat] with metal axes and walk them to the olive press in impurity.

הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָרֵחַיִם, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ. אִם הָיָה מַשְׁקֶה מְהַלֵּךְ, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. נִמְצָא עַל גַּבֵּי הֶעָלִים, יִשָּׁאֲלוּ הַבַּדָּדִים לוֹמַר לֹא נָגָעְנוּ. אִם הָיָה נוֹגֵעַ בָּאוֹם, אֲפִלּוּ בְשַׂעֲרָה, טָמֵא:

If a vermin was found among the milling stones [for grinding the olives before they are pressed], only the area it touched is rendered impure. If a liquid was flowing through [all the olives], everything is impure. If it [the vermin] was found on top of the leaves [of the olives], they should ask the press workers to say, "We did not touch [the vermin]." If it was touching the main pile [of olives], even by a hair, it is impure.

נִמְצָא עַל גַּבֵּי פְרוּדִים, וְהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, טָמֵא. פְּרוּדִים עַל גַּבֵּי פְרוּדִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ. נִמְצָא בֵין כֹּתֶל לַזֵּיתִים, טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא בַגַּג, הַמַּעֲטָן טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא בַמַּעֲטָן, הַגַּג טָמֵא. נִמְצָא שָׂרוּף עַל הַזֵּיתִים, וְכֵן מַטְלִית מְהוּהָא, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁכָּל הַטֻּמְאוֹת כִּשְׁעַת מְצִיאָתָן:

If it [the vermin] was found upon those [clusters of olives] that were separated [from the main pile, and placed upon it], if it is touching [a cluster] the equivalent of an egg [in volume], it is impure. If those [clusters] that were separated were [placed] upon others that were separated [and not upon the main pile], even though it [the vermin] is touching the equivalent of an egg [in volume], only the area it is touching is impure. If it was found between the wall and the olives it [the pile] is pure. If it was found on the roof, the [contents of the] vat is pure. If it was found in the vat, the [contents of the] roof is impure. If it was found burnt on top of the olives, and similarly a [impure] piece of cloth that was worn out, [if it was found on top of the olives,] it is pure, because all impurities are [determined] in accordance with [their status at] the moment they are found.