Peah 4

הַפֵּאָה נִתֶּנֶת בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקָע. בְּדָלִית וּבְדֶקֶל, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מוֹרִיד וּמְחַלֵּק לָעֲנִיִּים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף בַּחֲלִיקֵי אֱגוֹזִים. אֲפִלּוּ תִשְׁעִים וְתִשְׁעָה אוֹמְרִים לְחַלֵּק וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר לָבוֹז, לָזֶה שׁוֹמְעִין, שֶׁאָמַר כַּהֲלָכָה:

<i>Peah</i> [corner of the field that is given to the poor] is given while connected to the ground. From vines and palm trees, the property owner goes down and distributes [them] for the poor. Rabbi Shimon says: Also for smooth nut trees. Even if ninety-nine say to distribute and one says to plunder [i.e. to leave it for the poor to snatch what they can], to this one we listen for he has spoken as is the law.

בְּדָלִית וּבְדֶקֶל אֵינוֹ כֵן, אֲפִלּוּ תִשְׁעִים וְתִשְׁעָה אוֹמְרִים לָבוֹז וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר לְחַלֵּק, לָזֶה שׁוֹמְעִין, שֶׁאָמַר כַּהֲלָכָה:

For vines and palm trees, this is not so. Even if ninety-nine say to plunder and one says to distribute, to this one we listen for he has spoken as is the law.

נָטַל מִקְצָת פֵּאָה וּזְרָקָהּ עַל הַשְּׁאָר, אֵין לוֹ בָהּ כְּלוּם. נָפַל לוֹ עָלֶיהָ, וּפֵרֵשׂ טַלִּיתוֹ עָלֶיהָ, מַעֲבִירִין אוֹתָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ. וְכֵן בְּלֶקֶט, וְכֵן בְּעֹמֶר הַשִּׁכְחָה:

If one took a part of the <i>Peah</i> and threw it on the rest, he gets no portion of it [thereby]. Even if he falls upon it or spreads his cloak on it, we remove it [the <i>Peah</i>] from him. And thus it is for <i>Leket</i> [fallen gleanings given to the poor], and thus it is for the sheaf of <i>Shikhechah</i> [forgotten sheaves given to the poor].

פֵּאָה אֵין קוֹצְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּמַגָּלוֹת, וְאֵין עוֹקְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקַרְדֻּמּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַכּוּ אִישׁ אֶת רֵעֵהוּ:

<i>Peah</i> cannot be harvested with a scythe, and cannot be uprooted with a spade, so that a man will not hit his fellow.

שָׁלשׁ אַבְעָיוֹת בַּיּוֹם, בַּשַּׁחַר וּבַחֲצוֹת וּבַמִּנְחָה. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִפְחֲתוּ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יוֹסִיפוּ. שֶׁל בֵּית נָמֵר הָיוּ מְלַקְּטִין עַל הַחֶבֶל, וְנוֹתְנִים פֵּאָה מִכָּל אֻמָּן וְאֻמָּן:

[There are] three "begging" [i.e., field-access] times a day: at daybreak, at midday, and in the later afternoon. Rabban Gamliel says: They only said [i.e., specified that number] so that [the begging times] should not be reduced. Rabbi Akiva says: They only said so that that [the begging times] should not be increased. The people of Beit Nameir would gather that which was on [marked by] the rope and give <i>Peah</i> from each and every row.

עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁקָּצַר אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִתְגַּיֵּר, פָּטוּר מִן הַלֶּקֶט וּמִן הַשִּׁכְחָה וּמִן הַפֵּאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב בְּשִׁכְחָה, שֶׁאֵין הַשִּׁכְחָה אֶלָּא בִשְׁעַת הָעִמּוּר:

A non-Jew who harvests his field and afterwards converts is exempt from [the obligation of giving] <i>Leket</i> and from <i>Shikhechah</i> and from <i>Peah</i>. Rabbi Yehudah obligates him in <i>Shikhechah</i>, since <i>Shikhechah</i> only applies at the time of bundling.

הִקְדִּישׁ קָמָה וּפָדָה קָמָה, חַיָּב. עֳמָרִין וּפָדָה עֳמָרִין, חַיָּב. קָמָה וּפָדָה עֳמָרִין, פְּטוּרָה, שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת חוֹבָתָהּ הָיְתָה פְטוּרָה:

One who dedicated standing crop [to the Temple] and redeemed it, he is obligated [to give <i>Peah</i>]. One who dedicated cut sheaves and redeemed them, he is obligated. [One who] dedicated standing crop and redeemed [after it became] cut sheaves, he is exempt, for at the time that it would have become obligated, it was exempt.

כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, הַמַּקְדִּישׁ פֵּרוֹתָיו עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָאוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וּפְדָאָן, חַיָּבִין. מִשֶּׁבָּאוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וּפְדָאָן, חַיָּבִין. הִקְדִּישָׁן עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרוּ וּגְמָרָן הַגִּזְבָּר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ פְּדָאָן, פְּטוּרִים, שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת חוֹבָתָן הָיוּ פְטוּרִים:

Similarly, if one dedicates his fruit before <i>Onat Ma'asrot</i> [the point in the development of a fruit when it becomes subject to tithing], and he redeems them, they are obligated. If [he dedicates them] after <i>Onat Ma'asrot</i> and he redeems them, they are obligated. If he dedicated them before they were ripe and they ripened [while possessed] by the treasurer, and afterwards he redeemed them, they are exempt, for at the time that they would have become obligated, they were exempt.

מִי שֶׁלָּקַט אֶת הַפֵּאָה וְאָמַר הֲרֵי זוֹ לְאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי עָנִי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, זָכָה לוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִתְּנֶנָּה לֶעָנִי שֶׁנִּמְצָא רִאשׁוֹן. הַלֶּקֶט וְהַשִּׁכְחָה וְהַפֵּאָה שֶׁל עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים חַיָּב בְּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הִפְקִיר:

He who collects <i>Peah</i> and says: “Behold, this is for such-and-such poor man” - Rabbi Eliezer says: He acquired it for him; the Sages say: He must give it to the first poor person that he finds. The <i>Leket</i>, the <i>Shikhechah</i>, and the <i>Peah</i> of a non-Jew are obligated in tithes unless he abandons them.

אֵיזֶהוּ לֶקֶט, הַנּוֹשֵׁר בִּשְׁעַת הַקְּצִירָה. הָיָה קוֹצֵר, קָצַר מְלֹא יָדוֹ, תָּלַשׁ מְלֹא קֻמְצוֹ, הִכָּהוּ קוֹץ וְנָפַל מִיָּדוֹ לָאָרֶץ, הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. תּוֹךְ הַיָּד וְתוֹךְ הַמַּגָּל, לָעֲנִיִּים. אַחַר הַיָּד וְאַחַר הַמַּגָּל, לְבַעַל הַבָּיִת. רֹאשׁ הַיָּד וְרֹאשׁ הַמַּגָּל, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, לָעֲנִיִּים. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְבַעַל הַבָּיִת:

What is <i>Leket</i>? That which drops at the time of harvesting. If he was harvesting, and harvested a handful or plucked a fistful, and a thorn pricked him and [the handful or fistful] falls from his hand to the earth, behold it belongs to the property owner. [If it fell] from inside his hand or from inside the scythe [blade, it belongs] to the poor. [If from] outside his hand, or the back of the scythe, it belongs to the property owner. [If it is] from the tip of the hand or the tip of the scythe, Rabbi Yishmael says: It is for the poor; Rabbi Akiva says: It is for the property owner.

חוֹרֵי הַנְּמָלִים שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַקָּמָה, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַקּוֹצְרִים, הָעֶלְיוֹנִים לָעֲנִיִּים, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנִים שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַכֹּל לָעֲנִיִּים, שֶׁסְּפֵק לֶקֶט, לֶקֶט:

[Produce in] ant-holes that are within the standing crop behold they belong to the property owner. [Produce in ant-holes that are] after the harvesters [have harvested that crop], the upper parts belong to the poor and the lower parts belong to the property owner. Rabbi Meir says: Everything is for the poor, since doubtful <i>Leket</i> is [nevertheless considered] <i>Leket</i>.