Orlah 2

הַתְּרוּמָה, וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי, הַחַלָּה וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, עוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וְצָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. הָעָרְלָה וְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, עוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִצְטָרְפִין בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אֲבָל לֹא לֶאֱסֹר:

<i>Terumah</i> [a portion of a crop given to a <i>Kohen</i>, priest, pl. <i>Kohanim</i>, which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by <i>Kohanim</i> or their household] and <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> [a tenth of the tithe given to a <i>Levi</i>, Levite, which must, in turn, be given to a <i>Kohen</i> and which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by <i>Kohanim</i> or their household] of <i>Demai</i> [produce from which it is uncertain whether tithes were already taken], <i>Challah</i> [a portion of a batch of bread dough given to a <i>Kohen</i> which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by <i>Kohanim</i> or their household] and <i>Bikkurim</i> [first-fruits that must be brought to the Temple in Jerusalem and given to the <i>Kohen</i>] are nullified in one hundred and one parts, and they are mixed together and require elevation. <i>Orlah</i> [the fruit of a tree during the first three years after its planting, the consumption or usage of which is forbidden] and <i>Kilayim</i> [the product of forbidden crossbreeding] of the vineyard are nullified in two hundred and one parts, and they are mixed together, and they do not require elevation. Rabbi Shimon says, they are not mixed together. Rabbi Eliezer says, they are mixed with the giver of flavor, but not to forbid.

הַתְּרוּמָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. כֵּיצַד, סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה קַבִּין עָרְלָה, אוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה קַבִּין כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה:

<i>Terumah</i> can [add volume to achieve the minimum to] neutralize <i>Orlah</i>, and <i>Orlah</i> can [add volume to achieve the minimum to] neutralize <i>Terumah</i>. How so? A <i>Se'ah</i> [a specific unit of volume] of <i>Terumah</i> which fell into one hundred [<i>Se’ah</i> of normal foodstuff], and afterwards three <i>Kavin</i> of <i>Orlah</i> or three <i>Kavin</i> of mixed seed in the vineyard fell in; this is [an instance] where <i>Terumah</i> can neutralize <i>Orlah</i>, and <i>Orlah</i> can neutralize <i>Terumah</i>.

הָעָרְלָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַכִּלְאַיִם אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה. כֵּיצַד, סְאָה עָרְלָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמָאתַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלָה סְאָה וְעוֹד עָרְלָה, אוֹ סְאָה וְעוֹד שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁהָעָרְלָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַכִּלְאַיִם אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה:

<i>Orlah</i> can neutralize <i>Kilayim</i>, and <i>Kilayim</i> [neutralize] <i>Orlah</i>, and <i>Orlah</i> [neutralize] <i>Orlah</i>. How so? A <i>Se’ah</i> of <i>Orlah</i> which falls into two hundred [<i>Se’ah</i> of normal foodstuff] and afterwards more than a <i>Se’ah</i> of <i>Orlah</i> [falls in], or more than a <i>Se’ah</i> of <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard; this is [a case] where <i>Orlah</i> can neutralize <i>Kilayim</i>, and <i>Kilayim</i> [can neutralize] <i>Orlah</i>, and <i>Orlah</i> [can neutralize] <i>Orlah</i>.

כָּל הַמְחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ בַּתְּרוּמָה וּבָעָרְלָה וּבְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, אָסוּר. וּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף מְטַמֵּא. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה:

All that cause fermentation, or season, or make a mixture <i>Meduma</i> [mixture of <i>Chullin</i>, permitted foodstuff, and <i>Terumah</i> that is forbidden to non-<i>Kohanim</i>] when mixed with <i>Terumah</i> or with <i>Orlah</i> or with <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard, is prohibited. Bet Shammai say, it also defiles. But Bet Hillel say, it does not defile unless it has [the volume of] an egg.

דּוֹסְתַּאי אִישׁ כְּפַר יִתְמָה, הָיָה מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי, וְאָמַר, שָׁמַעְתִּי מִשַּׁמַּאי הַזָּקֵן שֶׁאָמַר, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה:

Dostai, of the village of Yitmah, was one of the disciples of Bet Shammai, and he said, I received a tradition from Shammai the elder who said, it [one of the items mentioned above] never defiles unless it contains [the volume of an] egg.

וּלְמָה אָמְרוּ כָּל הַמְחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ לְהַחֲמִיר, מִין בְּמִינוֹ. לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר, מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ. כֵּיצַד, שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חִטִּים שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסַּת חִטִּים, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אָסוּר. אֵין בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּמֵאָה וְאֶחָד, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, בֵּין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר:

And concerning what they said, All that cause fermentation, or season, or make a mixture <i>Meduma</i> when is [the rule applied] stringently? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with its [like] species. [When is the rule applied sometimes] leniently and [sometimes] stringently? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with a different kind of species. How so? If leaven of wheat fell into wheat dough and there is enough to cause leavening, whether there is enough to neutralize in one hundred and one, or there is not enough to neutralize in one hundred and one, it is prohibited. If there is not enough to neutralize in one hundred and one, whether there is enough to cause leavening or there is not enough to cause leavening, it is prohibited.

לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ, כֵּיצַד. כְּגוֹן גְּרִיסִין שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם עֲדָשִׁים, וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶם בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אָסוּר. אֵין בָּהֶם בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, מֻתָּר:

How is [this teaching of “All that cause fermentation, or season, or make a mixture <i>Meduma</i>” applied to yield both] a lenient and a strict ruling, [in the case of] one kind [of produce] mixed with [produce] of the same kind? Crushed beans [of <i>Terumah</i>] that were cooked with lentils [which are not <i>Terumah</i>], and they contain enough to impart flavor [to the lentils], whether there was [enough <i>Terumah</i>] to be neutralized in one hundred and one, or whether there is not [enough <i>Terumah</i>] to be neutralized in one hundred and one, it is forbidden [and this is the strict ruling]; if there is not enough of them to impart flavor [to the lentils], whether there was [enough <i>Terumah</i>] to be neutralized in one hundred and one, or whether there is not [enough <i>Terumah</i>] to be neutralized in one hundred and one, it is permitted [and this is the lenient ruling].

שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אוֹ שְׂאֹר שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר:

If leaven of <i>Chullin</i> has fallen into dough, and there is enough to make it ferment, and after that leaven of <i>Terumah</i> or <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard [fell in], and there was enough to cause leavening, [the dough] is prohibited.

שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה וְחִמְּצָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה אוֹ שְׂאֹר שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר:

If leaven of <i>Chullin</i> has fallen into dough and caused it to ferment, and after that leaven of <i>Terumah</i> or <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard fell in, and there was enough to cause leavening, [the dough] is prohibited. [But,] Rabbi Shimon permits it.

תְּבָלִין, שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת מִמִּין אֶחָד, אוֹ מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה, אָסוּר, וּמִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת מִמִּין אֶחָד, אוֹ שְׁנֵי מִינִין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין:

Spices of two or three [categories of prohibitions], of one species, or of three different species of spices [of one category of prohibition], render a mixture prohibited by combining together. Rabbi Shimon says, the mixture of two or three categories of prohibition of one species, or two species of one category of prohibition do not combine together.

שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, לֹא בָּזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָּזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, נִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמְּצוּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַחַר הָאַחֲרוֹן אֲנִי בָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בֵּין שֶׁנָּפַל אִסּוּר בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ:

Leaven of <i>Chullin</i>, and of <i>Terumah</i> that fell into a dough and individually, each does not have a sufficient quantity to cause fermentation, but taken together, they did cause fermentation: Rabbi Eliezer says, I go after the last one that fell; but the Sages say, regardless of whether the forbidden leaven fell in first, or last, never does the dough become prohibited, unless there is a sufficient amount to cause fermentation on its own.

יוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ הַבִּירָה הָיָה מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וְאָמַר, שָׁאַלְתִּי אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן עוֹמֵד בְּשַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, וְאָמַר, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ:

Yoezer, a man of Birah, was one of the disciples of the House of Shammai, and he said, I asked Rabban Gamliel the Elder, as he was standing at the Eastern Gate, and he said, regardless of whether the forbidden fell in first, or last, never does the dough become prohibited, unless there is a sufficient amount to cause fermentation on its own.

כֵּלִים שֶׁסָּכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָמֵא, וְחָזַר וְסָכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר, אוֹ שֶׁסָּכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר, וְחָזַר וְסָכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָמֵא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַחַר הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲנִי בָּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַחַר הָאַחֲרוֹן:

Vessels that were oiled [in order to soften them], with impure oil, and were then later re-oiled with pure oil, or they were first oiled with pure oil, and afterwards, were oiled them with impure oil: Rabbi Eliezer says, I go after the first, while the Sages say, [its status follows] after the last.

שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, לֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, וְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמְּצוּ, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים:

If leaven of <i>Terumah</i> and leaven of <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard fell into a dough and each individually does not have enough of a quantity to effect fermentation, but together, they did cause fermentation, the dough is prohibited to non-<i>Kohanim</i>, and permitted to <i>Kohanim</i>. Rabbi Shimon allows to both non-<i>Kohanim</i> and <i>Kohanim</i>.

תְּבָלִין שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ בַּקְּדֵרָה, לֹא בָאֵלוּ כְדֵי לְתַבֵּל וְלֹא בָאֵלּוּ כְדֵי לְתַבֵּל, וְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְתִבְּלוּ, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים:

If spices of the <i>Terumah</i> and if <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard have fallen into a pot, and each individually does not have a sufficient quantity to properly season, but together, they did cause proper seasoning, it is forbidden to non-<i>Kohanim</i>, but permitted to <i>Kohanim</i>. Rabbi Shimon allows it to both <i>Kohanim</i> and non-<i>Kohanim</i>.

חֲתִיכָה שֶׁל קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, שֶׁל פִּגּוּל, וְשֶׁל נוֹתָר, שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם הַחֲתִיכוֹת, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים:

If a piece of the flesh of <i>Kodshei Kodashim</i> [sacrifices of the highest degree of sanctity, they may be slaughtered only on the north-west corner of the altar, and consumed only within the Temple compound by male priests, or burnt entirely.], [or] of <i>Pigul</i> [sacrifice made unfit because of improper intentions], [or] of <i>Notar</i> [sacrifice made unfit because it was left too long uneaten] that was cooked with pieces [of permissible flesh], it is forbidden to non-<i>Kohanim</i>, but permissible to <i>Kohanim</i>. Rabbi Shimon allows it to both <i>Kohanim</i> and non-<i>Kohanim</i>.

בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים וּבְשַׂר קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם בְּשַׂר הַתַּאֲוָה, אָסוּר לִטְמֵאִים וּמֻתָּר לִטְהוֹרִים:

If flesh of <i>Kodshei Kodashim</i> and flesh of <i>Kodashim Kalim</i> [sacrifices of a lesser degree of sanctity, they may be slaughtered anywhere in the Temple courtyard and consumed by most anyone, anywhere in Jerusalem] have been cooked together with non-sanctified [permissible] flesh, it is forbidden to the impure, but permitted for the pure.