Oktzin 2

זֵיתִים שֶׁכְּבָשָׁן בְּטַרְפֵיהֶן, טְהוֹרִים, לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא כְבָשָׁן אֶלָּא לְמַרְאֶה. כְּשׁוּת שֶׁל קִשּׁוּת וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא לִפְנֵי הַתַּגָּר, טְמֵאָה:

Regarding olives which one pickled together with their leaves, they [i.e. the leaves] are pure [and are not considered to serve as handles or to preserve the fruit], for they were pickled only for the sake of appearance. The fibers on a zucchini and its flower are pure. Rabbi Yehudah says: so long as it is before the merchant [selling it], it is impure.

כָּל הַגַּלְעִינִין מִטַּמְּאוֹת וּמְטַמְּאוֹת וְלֹא מִצְטָרְפוֹת. גַּלְעִינָה שֶׁל רֹטֶב, אַף עַל פִּי יוֹצְאָה, מִצְטָרֶפֶת. שֶׁל יְבֵשָׁה, אֵינָהּ מִצְטָרֶפֶת. לְפִיכָךְ, חוֹתָל שֶׁל יְבֵשָׁה, מִצְטָרֵף. וְשֶׁל רֹטֶב, אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף. גַּלְעִינָה שֶׁמִּקְצָתָהּ יוֹצְאָה, שֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הָאֹכֶל, מִצְטָרֵף. עֶצֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו בָּשָׂר, שֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הָאֹכֶל, מִצְטָרֵף. הָיָה עָלָיו מִצַּד אֶחָד, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, רוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ כְּאִלּוּ הוּא מַקִּיפוֹ בְטַבַּעַת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הָאֹכֶל, מִצְטָרֵף, כְּגוֹן הַסִּיאָה וְהָאֵזוֹב וְהַקּוֹרָנִית:

All pits can be rendered impure, and render impurity, and do not join together [with foods to count towards the measure for impurity]. The pit of a damp [i.e. fresh] date, even when detached, does join together [with the date to count towards the measure for impurity]; that of a dried [date] does not join together. Therefore, the surrounding membrane [of the pit] of a dried [date] does join together, but that of a fresh one does not join together. Regarding a pit which is partially detached, the part opposite the edible portion does join together. A bone which has meat on it, the part that is opposite to the edible part joins together [with the meat to count towards the measure for impurity, since it serves to preserve the meat]. If it had [meat] on one side, Rabbi Yishmael says: we view it as though it [i.e. the edible part] encircles it like a ring [and thus that entire part of the bone does join together]; and the Sages say: the part opposite the edible part joins together, as with savory, hyssop and thyme [where only those parts which are opposite the edible parts join together to count towards the measure for impurity].

הָרִמּוֹן וְהָאֲבַטִּיחַ שֶׁנִּמּוֹק מִקְצָתוֹ, אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף. שָׁלֵם מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן וְנִמּוֹק מִן הָאֶמְצַע, אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף. הַפִּטְמָא שֶׁל רִמּוֹן, מִצְטָרֶפֶת. וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלּוֹ אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמַּסְרֵק טָהוֹר:

Regarding a pomegranate or melon, part of which has rotted, it [i.e. the rotten part] does not join together [with the rest of the food, to count towards the measure of impurity]. If it is whole on either side, and rotten in the middle, it does not join together [and even the sides are not joined to each other]. The stem of a pomegranate does join together [to the rest of the fruit], and its flower does not join together. Rabbi Elazar says: even the crown [literally: the comb, around the stem] is pure [and does not join together].

כָּל הַקְּלִפִּין מִטַּמְּאוֹת וּמְטַמְּאוֹת וּמִצְטָרְפוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁלשָׁה קְלִפִּין בַּבָּצָל. הַפְּנִימִית, בֵּין שְׁלֵמָה בֵּין קְדוּרָה, מִצְטָרֶפֶת. הָאֶמְצָעִית, שְׁלֵמָה מִצְטָרֶפֶת, וּקְדוּרָה אֵינָהּ מִצְטָרֶפֶת. וְהַחִיצוֹנָה, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, טְהוֹרָה:

All peels can be rendered impure, and render impurity, and join together [with the food to count towards the measure for impurity]. Rabbi Yehuda says: the onion has three peels; the inner one joins together, whether it is whole or pierced; the middle one joins together when it is whole, and it does not join together when it is pierced; and the outer one is pure [i.e. does not join together, and is considered to serve neither as a handle nor to preserve the food] in either case.

הַמְחַתֵּךְ לְבַשֵּׁל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא מֵרַק, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. לִכְבֹּשׁ וְלִשְׁלֹק וּלְהַנִּיחַ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, חִבּוּר. הִתְחִיל לְפָרֵק, אֹכֶל שֶׁהִתְחִיל בּוֹ, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. הָאֱגוֹזִים שֶׁאֲמָנָן, וְהַבְּצָלִים שֶׁחֲמָרָן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חִבּוּר. הִתְחִיל לְפָרֵק בָּאֱגוֹזִים וּלְפַקֵּל בַּבְּצָלִים, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. הָאֱגוֹזִים וְהַשְּׁקֵדִים, חִבּוּר, עַד שֶׁיְּרַסֵּס:

If one chops up [produce] for cooking, even if he did not complete the cut, this is not considered to be a connection [connecting the pieces together for matters of purity]. If [one chopped it up] for pickling, or for boiling, or for placing it on the table, this is considered to be a connection [for matters of purity]. If one began to separate [the pieces], the [part of the] food which he started [breaking off] is not considered to be a connection. If one strung nuts together, or tied a bunch of onions together, this is thereby considered a connection. If one began to take the nuts apart, or to peel the onions, this is not considered a connection. Regarding nuts and almonds [in relation to their shells], this is considered a connection, until one mashes them.

בֵּיצָה מְגֻלְגֶּלֶת, עַד שֶׁיָּגוֹס. וּשְׁלוּקָה, עַד שֶׁיְּרַסֵּס. עֶצֶם שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ מֹחַ, חִבּוּר, עַד שֶׁיְּרַסֵּס. הָרִמּוֹן שֶׁפְּרָדוֹ, חִבּוּר עַד שֶׁיַּקִּישׁ עָלָיו בְּקָנֶה. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, שְׁלַל הַכּוֹבְסִין וְהַבֶּגֶד שֶׁהוּא תָפוּר בְּכִלְאַיִם, חִבּוּר, עַד שֶׁיַּתְחִיל לְהַתִּיר:

[The shell of] a cooked egg, [with regard to the egg, is considered to be a connection] until one cracks it. That of a hard-boiled egg [is considered to be a connection] until one mashes it. A bone containing marrow in it is considered to be a connection [between the bone and the marrow] until one mashes it. A pomegranate which was separated is considered to be a connection [between the seeds and the peel] until one knocks it with a stick [to loosen the seeds]. Similarly, the loose stitches of launderers [who would stitch pieces of laundry together to prevent them from getting lost] or a garment that had been stitched together with <i>kilayim</i> [the product of forbidden crossbreeding or working of certain animals with one another, planting together certain plants, or interweaving certain fibers] is regarded as a connection until one begins to undo them.

עֲלֵי יְרָקוֹת יְרֻקִּים, מִצְטָרְפִין. וּלְבָנִים, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, הַלְּבָנִים מִצְטָרְפִים בַּכְּרוּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן אֹכֶל. וּבַחֲזָרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מְשַׁמְּרִין אֶת הָאֹכֶל:

The green leaves of vegetables join together [to the vegetables to count towards the measure for impurity], and the white ones do not join together. Rabbi Elazar bar Tzaddok says: the white ones of cabbage join together, since they are edible; and so also of lettuces, since they preserve the edible part.

עֲלֵי בְצָלִים וּבְנֵי בְצָלִים, אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן רִיר, מִשְׁתַּעֲרִין בִּכְמוֹת שֶׁהֵן. אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן חָלָל, מְמַעֵךְ אֶת חֲלָלָן. פַּת סְפוֹגָנִית, מִשְׁתַּעֶרֶת בִּכְמוֹת שֶׁהִיא. אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ חָלָל, מְמַעֵךְ אֶת חֲלָלָהּ. בְּשַׂר הָעֵגֶל שֶׁנִּתְפַּח וּבְשַׂר זְקֵנָה שֶׁנִּתְמַעֵט, מִשְׁתַּעֲרִין בִּכְמוֹת שֶׁהֵן:

Regarding onion leaves and the offshoots of onions, if there is moisture within them they are measured as they are [for matters of impurity]; if they contain hollow spaces within them, one should flatten their hollows [and then measure them]. Spongy bread is measured as it is; but if it contains any hollows, one must flatten its hollows [and then measure it]. The flesh of a calf which has expanded [during cooking], or the flesh of an old [beast] which has shrunken, are measured as they are.

קִשּׁוּת שֶׁנְּטָעָהּ בְּעָצִיץ וְהִגְדִּילָה וְיָצְאָה חוּץ לֶעָצִיץ, טְהוֹרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מַה טִּיבָהּ לִטָּהֵר. אֶלָּא הַטָּמֵא בְּטֻמְאָתוֹ, וְהַטָּהוֹר יֵאָכֵל:

Regarding a zucchini which one planted in a pot and it grew and emerged out of the pot [and onto the earth], it is pure [and cannot be rendered impure]. Rabbi Shimon says: [regarding the part of the plant still within the pot,] what is in its nature that it be considered pure? Rather, that which is [or can be rendered] impure [remains] in its impurity, and that which is pure [i.e. that which is outside of the pot] may be eaten.

כְּלֵי גְלָלִים וּכְלֵי אֲדָמָה, שֶׁהַשָּׁרָשִׁים יְכוֹלִין לָצֵאת בָּהֶן, אֵינָם מַכְשִׁירִים אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. עָצִיץ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב, מַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. כַּמָּה הוּא שִׁעוּרוֹ שֶׁל נֶקֶב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא בוֹ שֹׁרֶשׁ קָטָן. מִלְאָהוּ עָפָר עַד שְׂפָתוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא כְטַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז:

Vessels made of dung or of earth through which the roots can emerge outward do not prime the seeds [inside them to be susceptible to susceptible to being rendered impure]. A perforated pot does not prime the seeds [inside it to be susceptible to being rendered impure]. But that which is not perforated does prime the seeds. What is the measure for a perforation? That through which a small root can emerge. If one filled it to its brim with dust, it is thereby like as a tray without a rim [which cannot be rendered impure, as it is no longer a vessel].