Oholot 1

שְׁנַיִם טְמֵאִים בְּמֵת, אֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וְאֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. שְׁלשָׁה טְמֵאִין בְּמֵת, שְׁנַיִם טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וְאֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. אַרְבָּעָה טְמֵאִין בְּמֵת, שְׁלשָׁה טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וְאֶחָד טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. כֵּיצַד שְׁנַיִם. אָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵת, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. וְאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵע בּוֹ, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב:

If two people become impure from a corpse, one becomes impure for seven days and one becomes impure until evening. If three people become impure from a corpse, two become impure for seven days and one becomes impure until evening. If four people become impure from a corpse, three become impure for seven days and one becomes impure until evening. How do two [become impure]? One person touches a corpse and becomes impure for seven days, and any person who touches him becomes impure until evening.

כֵּיצַד שְׁלשָׁה. כֵּלִים הַנּוֹגְעִים בְּמֵת, וְכֵלִים בַּכֵּלִים, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. הַשְּׁלִישִׁי, בֵּין אָדָם וּבֵין כֵּלִים, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת עָרֶב:

How do three [become impure]? Vessels that touch a corpse, and vessels that touch those vessels, all become impure for seven days. The third [object that touches the second set of vessels], regardless of whether it is a person or a vessel, becomes impure until evening.

כֵּיצַד אַרְבָּעָה. כֵּלִים נוֹגְעִין בְּמֵת, וְאָדָם בַּכֵּלִים, וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. הָרְבִיעִי, בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, יֶשׁ לִי חֲמִישִׁי, הַשַּׁפּוּד הַתָּחוּב בָּאֹהֶל, הָאֹהֶל וְהַשַּׁפּוּד וְאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּשַּׁפּוּד וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. הַחֲמִישִׁי, בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין הָאֹהֶל מִתְחַשֵּׁב:

How do four [become impure]? Vessels that touch a corpse, and a person who touches those vessels, and [more] vessels that touch that person, they are all impure for seven days. The fourth [object that touches the second set of vessels], regardless of whether it is a person or a vessel, becomes impure until evening. Rabbi Akiva said: I know of a case with a fifth. A tent-post that is stuck in a tent [in which there is a corpse], the tent and the post, and a person who touches the post, and vessels that touch the person, all are impure for seven days. The fifth [object that touches those vessels], regardless of whether it is a person or a vessel, becomes impure until evening. They said to him [to Rabbi Akiva]: The tent does not count.

אָדָם וְכֵלִים מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמֵת. חֹמֶר בָּאָדָם מִבַּכֵּלִים וְכֵלִים מִבָּאָדָם. שֶׁהַכֵּלִים שְׁלשָׁה וְהָאָדָם שְׁנָיִם. חֹמֶר בָּאָדָם, שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא בָאֶמְצַע, הֵן אַרְבָּעָה. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ בָאֶמְצַע, הֵן שְׁלשָׁה:

A person and vessels become impure by a corpse. [There is a way in which] a person is more stringent than vessels, and [in which] vessels are more [stringent] than a person, in that the vessels are [able to pass impurity to] three and the person are [able to pass impurity to] two. A person is more stringent, in that so long as the person is in the middle, they are [able to pass impurity to] four. And when the person is not in the middle, they are [able to pass impurity to] three.

אָדָם וּבְגָדִים מִטַּמְּאִים בְּזָב. חֹמֶר בָּאָדָם מִבַּבְּגָדִים, וּבַבְּגָדִים מִבָּאָדָם. שֶׁהָאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּזָב מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, וְאֵין בְּגָדִים הַנּוֹגְעִין בְּזָב מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים. חֹמֶר בַּבְּגָדִים, שֶׁהַבְּגָדִים הַנּוֹשְׂאִין אֶת הַזָּב מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם, וְאֵין אָדָם הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַזָּב מְטַמֵּא אָדָם:

A person and items of clothing become impure by a <i>Zav</i> [a male who has certain types of atypical genital discharges, which render him impure]. [There is a way in which] a person is more stringent than garments, and [in which] garments are more [stringent] than a person, in that a person who touches a <i>Zav</i> [will in turn] make garments impure, but clothes that touch a <i>Zav</i> do not make other clothes impure. Clothes are more stringent, in that the clothes that carry a <i>Zav</i> make a person impure, but a person who carries a <i>Zav</i> does not make another person impure.

אָדָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא, עַד שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשׁוֹ. וַאֲפִלּוּ מְגֻיָּד, וַאֲפִלּוּ גוֹסֵס. זוֹקֵק לַיִּבּוּם וּפוֹטֵר מִן הַיִּבּוּם, מַאֲכִיל בַּתְּרוּמָה וּפוֹסֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה. וְכֵן בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה אֵינָן מְטַמְּאִין, עַד שֶׁתֵּצֵא נַפְשָׁם. הֻתְּזוּ רָאשֵׁיהֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּפַרְכְּסִים, טְמֵאִים, כְּגוֹן זָנָב שֶׁל לְטָאָה שֶׁהִיא מְפַרְכָּסֶת:

A human does not impurify [others] until his life leaves him. And even someone dismembered or terminally ill, obligates in or exempts from levirate marriage, and qualifies or disqualifies one from eating <i>Terumah</i> [a portion of a crop given to a priest which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by priests or their household]. And so too domestic or wild animals do not impurify until their lives leave them. If their heads were cut off, even if they are convulsing, they impurify - like the tail of a lizard which convulses [after being cut off].

הָאֵבָרִין אֵין לָהֶן שִׁעוּר, אֲפִלּוּ פָּחוֹת מִכַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, וּפָחוֹת מִכַּזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וּפָחוֹת מִכָּעֲדָשָׁה מִן הַשֶּׁרֶץ, מְטַמְּאִין טֻמְאָתָן:

Limbs have no measure; even less than an olive's measure from a dead body, or less than an olive's measure from a dead animal, or less than a lentil's measure from a vermin - they impurify their impurity.

מָאתַיִם וְאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנָה אֵבָרִים בָּאָדָם, שְׁלשִׁים בְּפִסַּת הָרֶגֶל, שִׁשָּׁה בְכָל אֶצְבַּע, עֲשָׂרָה בַקֻּרְסָל, שְׁנַיִם בַּשּׁוֹק, חֲמִשָּׁה בָאַרְכֻּבָּה, אֶחָד בַּיָּרֵךְ, שְׁלשָׁה בַקַּטְלִית, אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה צְלָעוֹת, שְׁלשִׁים בְּפִסַּת הַיָּד, שִׁשָּׁה בְכָל אֶצְבַּע, שְׁנַיִם בַּקָּנֶה, וּשְׁנַיִם בַּמַּרְפֵּק, אֶחָד בַּזְּרוֹעַ, וְאַרְבָּעָה בַכָּתֵף. מֵאָה וְאֶחָד מִזֶּה וּמֵאָה וְאֶחָד מִזֶּה. וּשְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה חֻלְיוֹת בַּשִּׁדְרָה, תִּשְׁעָה בָרֹאשׁ, שְׁמֹנָה בַצַּוָּאר, שִׁשָּׁה בַמַּפְתֵּחַ שֶׁל לֵב, וַחֲמִשָּׁה בִנְקָבָיו. כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְטַמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא וּבְאֹהֶל. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֵּשׁ עֲלֵיהֶן בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי. אֲבָל אִם אֵין עֲלֵיהֶן בָּשָׂר כָּרָאוּי, מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, וְאֵין מְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל:

There are two hundred and forty eight limbs in the body. Thirty in the foot - six in each toe, ten in the ankle, two in the shin, five in the knee, one in the thigh, three in the hip, thirteen ribs, thirty in the palm - six in each finger, two in the forearm, two in the elbow, one in the upper arm, and four in the shoulder. One hundred and one of this [side of the body], and one hundred and one of that. And eighteen vertebrates in the spinal chord: nine in the head, eight in the neck, six in the openings of the heart, and five around its cavities. Each of these impurifies through touching, carrying, or sharing quarters. When is this true? When the limbs still have an appropriate amount of flesh on them. But if they do not have an appropriate amount of flesh on them, they will impurify through touching and through carrying, but not through sharing quarters.