Kilayim 8

כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם אֲסוּרִין מִלִּזְרֹעַ, וּמִלְּקַיֵּם, וַאֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה. כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים, אֲסוּרִים מִלִּזְרֹעַ וּמִלְּקַיֵּם, וּמֻתָּרִין בַּאֲכִילָה, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן בַּהֲנָאָה. כִּלְאֵי בְגָדִים מֻתָּרִין בְּכָל דָּבָר, וְאֵינָן אֲסוּרִין אֶלָּא מִלִּלְבֹּשׁ. כִּלְאֵי בְהֵמָה מֻתָּרִים לְגַדֵּל וּלְקַיֵּם, וְאֵינָן אֲסוּרִים אֶלָּא מִלְּהַרְבִּיעַ. כִּלְאֵי בְהֵמָה אֲסוּרִים זֶה בָזֶה:

<i>Kilayim</i> [the product of forbidden crossbreeding or working of certain animals with one another, planting together certain plants, or interweaving certain fibers]in a vineyard, may not be sown nor may they be maintained and it is forbidden to derive benefit from it. Seed <i>kilayim</i> may not be sown nor may they be maintained but they are permitted to be eaten and certainly to derive benefit from them. <i>Kilayim</i> of garments [cloth made of wool and linen] are permitted for every purpose and it is only forbidden to wear them. <i>Kilayim</i> in animals [crossbreeding different species] may be reared and maintained and it is only forbidden to crossbreed them. Animal <i>kilayim</i> [born from a mixture i.e. the offspring of a female donkey and a stallion or of a mare and a donkey] are forbidden to be mated together.

בְּהֵמָה עִם בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה עִם חַיָּה, בְּהֵמָה עִם חַיָּה וְחַיָּה עִם בְּהֵמָה, טְמֵאָה עִם טְמֵאָה וּטְהוֹרָה עִם טְהוֹרָה, טְמֵאָה עִם טְהוֹרָה וּטְהוֹרָה עִם טְמֵאָה, אֲסוּרִין לַחֲרֹשׁ וְלִמְשֹׁךְ וּלְהַנְהִיג:

A domesticated animal with another [species of] domesticated animal, a wild animal with another [species of] wild animal, a domesticated animal with a wild animal, a wild animal with a domesticated animal, an unclean [a domesticated or wild animal that are forbidden to be eaten] with an unclean, a clean with a clean, an unclean with clean, a clean with a unclean, [with all these pairs] it is prohibited to plow [with them when they are harnessed together], to pull [with them] and to drive them [even if they are not pulling anything].

הַמַּנְהִיג סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים, וְהַיּוֹשֵׁב בַּקָּרוֹן סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. רַבִּי מֵאִיר פּוֹטֵר. וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית שֶׁהִיא קְשׁוּרָה לָרְצוּעוֹת, אֲסוּרָה:

If one drives [a mixture of two species of animals] receives forty [lashes] and the one who sits in the wagon [being pulled by the mixture] receives forty [lashes]. Rabbi Meir exempts [the one sitting in the wagon]. If a third animal [of a different species] is tied to the straps [of a wagon drawn by two animals of the same species] it is prohibited.

אֵין קוֹשְׁרִין אֶת הַסּוּס לֹא לְצִדְדֵי הַקָּרוֹן וְלֹא לְאַחַר הַקָּרוֹן, וְלֹא אֶת הַלֻּבְדְּקִים לִגְמַלִּים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנּוֹלָדִים מִן הַסּוּס, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֲבִיהֶן חֲמוֹר, מֻתָּרִין זֶה עִם זֶה. וְכֵן הַנּוֹלָדִים מִן הַחֲמוֹר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֲבִיהֶם סוּס, מֻתָּרִין זֶה עִם זֶה. אֲבָל הַנּוֹלָדִים מִן הַסּוּס עִם הַנּוֹלָדִים מֵחֲמוֹר, אֲסוּרִים זֶה עִם זֶה:

One may not tie a horse to the sides of a wagon [drawn by oxen] or behind it [because they help along], nor may Libyan donkeys [be tied] to camels. Rabbi Yehudah says, All offspring [of a horse] even though sired by a donkey are permitted [to be harnessed] with each other [because with regards to <i>kilayim</i> the females is the determining factor]. All offspring of a donkey, even though sired by a horse are permitted with each other. However, the offspring of a horse with the offspring of a donkey are forbidden with each other.

הַפְּרוּטִיּוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, וְהָרַמָּךְ מֻתָּר. וְאַדְנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, חַיָּה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאוֹת בָּאֹהֶל כָּאָדָם. הַקֻּפָּד וְחֻלְדַּת הַסְּנָיִים, חַיָּה. חֻלְדַּת הַסְּנָיִים, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְטַמֵּא כַזַּיִת בְּמַשָּׂא, וְכָעֲדָשָׁה בְּמַגָּע:

<i>Perutiyot</i> [mules that we cannot be sure whether its mother was a horse or a donkey] are forbidden [with each other], but the <i> ramakh</i> [a mule whose mother is a horse] is permitted. <i>Adnei Hasadeh</i> [man-like creatures] are like wild animals [the laws of wild animals apply to them, i.e.they do not impart uncleanliness in a tent]. Rabbi Yosi says, They convey uncleanliness in a tent like a human being. The hedgehog and the weasel of the bushes are [considered] wild animals. [With regard to the] ‏weasel of the bushes, Rabbi Yosi says, Beit Shammai say, the size of an olive [of its carcass renders the person carrying it] impure, and the size of a lentil [of its carcass] renders the person touching it impure.

שׁוֹר בָּר, מִין בְּהֵמָה. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מִין חַיָּה. כֶּלֶב, מִין חַיָּה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מִין בְּהֵמָה. חֲזִיר, מִין בְּהֵמָה. עָרוֹד, מִין חַיָּה. הַפִּיל וְהַקּוֹף, מִין חַיָּה. וְאָדָם מֻתָּר עִם כֻּלָּם לִמְשֹׁךְ וְלַחֲרֹשׁ וּלְהַנְהִיג:

The wild ox is considered a domesticated animal, Rabbi Yosi says, a wild animal. The dog is considered a wild animal, Rabbi Meir says, a domesticated animal. The pig is a domesticated animal, the wild donkey is a wild animal, the elephant and the monkey are wild animals. Man is permitted to pull, plow and lead [with] any of them [the prohibition of <i>kilayim</i> only applies to two animals and does not include man].