Kilayim 7

הַמַּבְרִיךְ אֶת הַגֶּפֶן בָּאָרֶץ, אִם אֵין עָפָר עַל גַּבָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע עָלֶיהָ, אֲפִלּוּ הִבְרִיכָהּ בִּדְלַעַת אוֹ בְסִילוֹן. הִבְרִיכָהּ בְּסֶלַע, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עָפָר עַל גַּבָּהּ אֶלָּא שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מֻתָּר לְהָבִיא זֶרַע עָלֶיהָ. הָאַרְכֻּבָּה שֶׁבַּגֶּפֶן, אֵין מוֹדְדִין לָהּ אֶלָּא מִן הָעִקָּר הַשֵּׁנִי:

If one bends the branch of a vine into the soil to take root, is bent, if there is not a layer of three handbreadths of soil above it, he may not bring [sow] seeds on it. [This is the law] even if he bent it into a [dried out] gourd or an [earthenware] pipe. If he bent it into a rock, even if there is only three fingerbreadths of soil above it, he is permitted to bring [sow] seeds on it. If a vine has been bent in such a manner that the main stem is underground, we only measure [the six handbreadths] from the second root [the place where it rises from the ground and again becomes visible].

הַמַּבְרִיךְ שָׁלֹשׁ גְּפָנִים וְעִקָּרֵיהֶם נִרְאִים, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְעַד שְׁמֹנֶה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפוֹת. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפוֹת. גֶּפֶן שֶׁיָּבְשָׁה, אֲסוּרָה וְאֵינָהּ מְקַדֶּשֶׁת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף צֶמֶר גֶּפֶן אָסוּר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ, אַף עַל גַּבֵּי הַגֶּפֶן אָסוּר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ:

If one bent [into the ground] and their roots are visible three vines are bent, [and partly covered with mould], should their stems remain visible, Rabbi Eliezer ben Reb Zadok says, If there [is a space] between them of four to eight cubits, they combine [and is considered a vineyard]. If not, they do no combine. A vine that withered, it is forbidden [to sow seeds within six handreadths because of appearance] but is does not render it forbidden . Rabbi Meir says, Cotton is also prohibited [to be planted because it resembles a vine] but does not render [the vineyard] forbidden [as <i>kilayim</i>]. Rabbi Eliezer ben Rabbi Tsadok said in his [Rabbi Meir's] name, Also above the vine [if one bent a vine branch and did not cover it with at least three handbreadths of soil] it is forbidden to sow seeds] but does not render it forbidden [as <i>kilayim</i>].

אֵלּוּ אוֹסְרִין וְלֹא מְקַדְּשִׁין. מוֹתַר חָרְבַּן הַכֶּרֶם, מוֹתַר מְחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם, מוֹתַר פִּסְקֵי עָרִיס, מוֹתַר אַפִּיפְיָרוֹת. אֲבָל תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן, וַעֲבוֹדַת הַגֶּפֶן, וְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִתְקַדְּשׁוֹת:

In the following places it is prohibited to sow, but do not render [the subsequent produce] forbidden [as <i>kilayim</i>]. [in] the remainder of a vineyard that was laid waste [an empty patch with less than the prescribed sixteen cubits], the remainder of a <i>machol</i> [the space between the vineyard and the fence], the remainder of gaps in an <i>aris</i> [eight cubits], and the remainder of trellis frames. But [the ground] beneath the vine and the work space of a [single] vine and the four cubits in a vineyard [tillage space], they render forbidden [as <i>kilayim</i>].

הַמְסַכֵּךְ אֶת גַּפְנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה קִדֵּשׁ, וְחַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אָדָם מְקַדֵּשׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ:

If one overhangs his vine over his neighbour's standing grain, he renders it [the grain] forbidden and he is respnsible for it [he is liable to make it good for the damage he caused]. Rabbi Yosi and Rabbi Shomon say, A man cannot render forbidden that which was not belong to him.

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד שֶׁזָּרַע אֶת כַּרְמוֹ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, וְאָמַר, אֵין אָדָם מְקַדֵּשׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ:

Rabbi Yosi said, It once happened that a man sowed grains in his vineyard during the Sabbatical Year and the case came before Rabbi Akivah, who said, A man cannot render forbidden that which was not belong to him [and during the Sabattical Year all produce is ownerless and thus not his].

הָאַנָּס שֶׁזָּרַע אֶת הַכֶּרֶם וְיָצָא מִלְּפָנָיו, קוֹצְרוֹ אֲפִלּוּ בַמּוֹעֵד. עַד כַּמָּה הוּא נוֹתֵן לַפּוֹעֲלִים, עַד שְׁלִישׁ. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, קוֹצֵר כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר הַמּוֹעֵד. מֵאֵימָתַי הוּא נִקְרָא אַנָּס, מִשֶּׁיִּשְׁקָע:

If an <i>anas</i> [one who obtains property by threat of force] sowed a vineyard [with grains], and then it was taken from him [the rightful owner recovered it], he [the rightful owner], cuts it down even on the intermediate days of a Festival [to avoid the impression that he maintains <i>kilayim</i>] . How much [extra] should he pay the laborers [if they refuse to work on the intermediate days]? Up to a third [more than the usual rate]. [If they demand] more than that, he [need not hire laborers, but] cuts it as usual even after the Festival [and the vines will not become forbidden]. From what stage [onward] is [the property] called <i>anas</i> [property]? When [the original owner's name] has subsided.

הָרוּחַ שֶׁעִלְעֲלָה אֶת הַגְּפָנִים עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָה, יִגְדֹּר מִיָּד. אִם אֵרְעוֹ אֹנֶס, מֻתָּר. תְּבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה נוֹטָה תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן, וְכֵן בְּיָרָק, מַחֲזִיר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. מֵאֵימָתַי תְּבוּאָה מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת, מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁרִישׁ. וַעֲנָבִים, מִשֶּׁיֵּעָשׂוּ כְּפוֹל הַלָּבָן. תְּבוּאָה שֶׁיָּבְשָׁה כָּל צָרְכָּהּ, וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁבָּשְׁלוּ כָּל צָרְכָּן, אֵין מִתְקַדְּשׁוֹת:

If the wind blew vines [so that they are now] overhanging standing grain, he must cut them away immediately. If an accident occurred [and he has not cut them down], it is permitted [to leave them]. If grain is bent beneath a vine, so too herbs, he turn it [the grain or herbs] back and it does not render them forbidden. When does grain [planted in a vineyard] become forbidden? When it takes root. And grapes? When they reach the size of white beans. Grain that is completely dried [and a vine was planted near it] or grapes that are completely ripe [and seeds were sown near them], they do not render forbidden.

עָצִיץ נָקוּב מְקַדֵּשׁ בַּכֶּרֶם, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, זֶה וְזֶה אוֹסְרִין וְלֹא מְקַדְּשִׁין. הַמַּעֲבִיר עָצִיץ נָקוּב בַּכֶּרֶם, אִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם, אָסוּר:

A perforated flower-pot [in a vineyard, into which grain seeds were planted] renders forbidden in a vineyard. But one [a flower-pot] that is not perforated does not render forbidden. But Rabbi Shimon says, Both [perforated and non perforated] are prohibited [one may not plant in them], but [if one planted in them] they do not render forbidden [since it is not he sme as planting directly in he ground]. If one carries a perforated flower-pot in a vineyard, if it increased by one two-hundredth, it is forbidden.