Kelim 28

שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁנְּתָנָהּ בְּכַדּוּר, אוֹ שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ כַּדּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. אֲבָל שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ בְכַדּוּר, טָמֵא. עֲשָׂאוֹ כַדּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַתֶּפֶר מְמַעֲטוֹ:

A [piece of cloth] three by three [fingerbreadths] which was stuffed into a ball, or was itself made into a ball, is pure. But a [piece of cloth] three by three [handbreadths] which was stuffed into a ball is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. If it was itself made it into a ball, it is pure, because the sewing diminishes it.

פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָפוֹק בּוֹ אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, לְנַעֵר בּוֹ אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, לְקַנֵּחַ בּוֹ אֶת הָרֵחַיִם, בֵּין מוּכָן בֵּין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוּכָן, טָמֵא, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בֵּין מִן הַמּוּכָן, בֵּין שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָמֵא. שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִן הַמּוּכָן, טָהוֹר:

Regarding a [piece of cloth] less than three by three [handbreadths] which one adapted for plugging bathhouse with it, for emptying a cooking-pot with it [by using it on a handle to protect from the heat], or for wiping the mill stones with it, whether or not it is [set aside and] ready for such use, is [susceptible to being rendered] impure, according to Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Yehoshua says: whether or not it is ready for such use, it is pure. Rabbi Akiva says: if it is ready, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure; and if it is not ready, it is pure.

הָעוֹשֶׂה אִסְפְּלָנִית, בֵּין בְּבֶגֶד בֵּין בְּעוֹר, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, עַל הָעוֹר, טָהוֹר. מְלוּגְמָא, בְּבֶגֶד, טְהוֹרָה, וּבְעוֹר, טְמֵאָה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּבֶגֶד, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא נִנְעָרֶת:

If one makes a bandage, whether of cloth or of leather, it is pure. Rabbi Yose says, regarding leather, that it is pure. Regarding a poultice, with cloth it is pure, and with leather it is [susceptible to becoming] impure. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: even with cloth it is [susceptible to becoming] impure because it can be shaken off [once it dries, and then appropriated for other uses].

מִטְפְּחוֹת סְפָרִים, בֵּין מְצֻיָּרוֹת בֵּין שֶׁאֵינָן מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת, וְשֶׁאֵינָם מְצֻיָּרוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ טְהוֹרוֹת:

Covers of books, whether or not they are illustrated, are [susceptible to being rendered] impure, in accordance with Beit Shammai. Beit Hillel say: those which are illustrated are pure, and those which are not illustrated are [susceptible to being rendered] impure. Rabban Gamaliel says: these and those are pure.

כִּפָּה שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס, וּנְתָנוֹ עַל הַסֵּפֶר, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. חֵמֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ שָׁטִיחַ, וְשָׁטִיחַ שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֵמֶת, טָהוֹר. חֵמֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ תּוּרְמֵל וְתוּרְמֵל שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ חֵמֶת, כַּר שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ סָדִין וְסָדִין שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ כַּר, כֶּסֶת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ מִטְפַּחַת וּמִטְפַּחַת שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ כֶּסֶת, טָמֵא. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁשִּׁנָּהוּ לִשְׁמוֹ, טָמֵא. לְשֵׁם אַחֵר, טָהוֹר:

Regarding a head-covering which was rendered impure with <i>midras</i> impurity [a type of impurity due to being sat on by certain types of impure individuals, rendering something an Origin of impurity], if one placed it [as a covering] on a book, it is pure from <i>midras</i> impurity, but it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure from corpse impurity. A skin which one fashioned into a rug, or a rug which one fashioned into a skin, is pure. A skin which one fashioned into a satchel, or a satchel which one fashioned into a skin, a cushion which one fashioned into a sheet, or a sheet which one fashioned into a cushion, a blanket which one fashioned into a kerchief, or a kerchief which one fashioned into a blanket, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. This is the general rule: any object which one changed into one with the same name [the same general use] is impure; if [one changed it into something] of another name, it is pure.

מַטְלִית שֶׁטְּלָיָהּ עַל הַקֻּפָּה, מְטַמְּאָה אֶחָד וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. הִפְרִישָׁהּ מִן הַקֻּפָּה, הַקֻּפָּה מְטַמָּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד, וְהַמַּטְלִית טְהוֹרָה. טְלָיָהּ עַל הַבֶּגֶד, מְטַמָּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. הִפְרִישָׁהּ מִן הַבֶּגֶד, הַבֶּגֶד מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, וְהַמַּטְלִית מְטַמְּאָה שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶחָד. וְכֵן הַטּוֹלֶה עַל הַשַּׂק אוֹ עַל הָעוֹר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, עַל הָעוֹר, טָהוֹר. עַל הַשַּׂק, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אָרִיג:

A piece of cloth which one patched onto a basket renders one item impure [with a second degree level of impurity, upon coming into contact with it], and invalidates one [for <i>terumah</i>, the priestly tithe; i.e. if the second item comes into contact with a third item, it renders it impure with a third degree level of impurity, which invalidates it with regard to <i>terumah</i>]. If one separated it from the basket, the basket renders one item impure [with a second degree level of impurity], and renders one invalid [with regard to <i>terumah</i>], and the piece of cloth is pure. If one patched it onto a garment, it renders two items impure [i.e. it renders one impure upon contact, with a first degree impurity, and that item, in turn, renders a second item impure with a second degree level of impurity], and renders one invalid [i.e. the second item then renders a third item invalid for the purposes of <i>terumah</i>]. If one separated it from the garment, it renders one impure [upon contact, with a second degree of impurity], and [that one, in turn] invalidates one [for the purposes of <i>terumah</i>], and the piece of cloth renders two items impure [i.e. it renders one impure with a first degree impurity, and that item renders a second item impure with a second degree impurity], and renders one invalid [i.e. the second item then renders a third item invalid for the purposes of <i>terumah</i>]. And such is the case regarding one who attaches [a piece of fabric as a patch] onto sack-cloth or leather, according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon considers it pure. Rabbi Yose says, with regard to leather, that it is pure, and with regard to sack-cloth that is it impure because it is a woven material.

שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ, חוּץ מִן הַמְּלָל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ מְכֻוָּנֶת. טְלָיָהּ עַל הַבֶּגֶד, מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. מִשְּׁתֵּי רוּחוֹת זוֹ כְנֶגֶד זוֹ, חִבּוּר. עֲשָׂאוֹ כְמִין גַּאם, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּטַלִּית. אֲבָל בְּחָלוּק, מִלְמַעְלָן, חִבּוּר. וּמִלְּמַטָּן, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר:

The [piece of fabric of] three by three [fingerbreadths] of which They spoke does not include the hem, according to Rabbi Shimon. And the Sages say: it is precisely three by three [including the hem]. If one patched it onto a garment on one side [only], it is not considered a connection [for the purposes of impurity]; if on two sides, one opposite the other, it is considered to be a connection. If one fashioned it like a gamma [in an L-shape], Rabbi Akiva considers it impure, and the Sages consider it pure. Rabbi Yehudah said, "With regard to what do these things apply? To a cloak. But regarding a robe, if [it was patched on] from above [the tear], it is considered a connection; and if from below [the tear], it is not considered a connection."

בִּגְדֵי עֲנִיִּים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. טַלִּית שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ לְקָרְעָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּקְרַע רֻבָּהּ, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר. הֶעָבִים וְהָרַכִּים, אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם שָׁלֹשׁ עַל שָׁלֹשׁ:

Poor people's garments, even if they contain less than three by three [fingerbreadths], can thereby be rendered impure with <i>midras</i> impurity. Regarding a cloak which one began to tear, once the majority of it is torn, it [i.e. its two halves] is not considered a connection. Those [materials] which are coarse or fine are not subject to [the minimum measure of] three by three [fingerbreadths; they are instead subject to the larger minimum of three by three handbreadths].

כֶּסֶת הַסַּבָּלִין, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. מְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, אֵין בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב. סְבָכָה שֶׁל זְקֵנָה, טְמֵאָה מִשּׁוּם מוֹשָׁב. חָלוּק שֶׁל יוֹצֵאת הַחוּץ הֶעָשׂוּי כִּסְבָכָה, טָהוֹר. הָעוֹשֶׂה בֶגֶד מִן הַחֵרֶם, טָהוֹר. וּמִזּוּטוֹ, טָמֵא. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אַף הָעוֹשֶׂה בֶגֶד מִן הַחֵרֶם וּכְפָלוֹ, טָמֵא:

A porter's blanket [used as shoulder padding] is [susceptible to being rendered] impure with <i>midras</i> impurity. A [cloth] wine strainer is not susceptible to [contracting the impurity of] a seat. An old woman's hair-net is [susceptible to being rendered] impure as a seat. The robe of a prostitute [literally: she who goes out] which is woven like a net is pure [i.e. insusceptible to being rendered impure]. If one makes a garment out of a fishing net, it is pure; if [one makes it] out of its bottom part [which is more tightly woven] it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: even one who makes a garment out of a fishing net and doubles it over, it is [susceptible to being rendered] impure.

סְבָכָה שֶׁהִתְחִיל בָּהּ מִפִּיהָ, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אֶת קוּרְקוּרְתָּהּ. הִתְחִיל בָּהּ מִקּוּרְקוּרְתָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמֹר אֶת פִּיהָ. שָׁבִיס שֶׁלָּהּ, טָמֵא בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. הַחוּטִין שֶׁלָּהּ, טְמֵאִין מִשּׁוּם חִבּוּר. סְבָכָה שֶׁנִּקְרְעָה, אִם אֵינָהּ מְקַבֶּלֶת אֶת רֹב הַשֵּׂעָר, טְהוֹרָה:

A hair-net which one began [to knit] from its opening is pure [and insusceptible to impurity] until he complete its base section. If one began from its base section, it is pure until he completes its opening. Its headband is [susceptible to being rendered] impure on its own [even if separated from the hair-net]. Its ribbons are [susceptible to being rendered] impure by way of connection. A hair-net which was torn, if it cannot hold the majority of the hair, it is pure.