And in all of these cases, if there was <i>Terumah</i> in their mouths, Rabbi Eliezer says they may swallow [it]. Rabbi Yehoshua says they must spit [it] out. If someone tells him, "you have just become impure and the <i>Terumah</i> has just become impure," Rabbi Eliezer says he may swallow [it]. Rabbi Yehoshua says he must spit [it] out. [If someone tells him,] "you were already impure and the <i>Terumah</i> was already impure," or if it became known that it is untithed produce or <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> [first tithe, which must be given to the Levite] from which no <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] was taken, or <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] or <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donation] that were not redeemed, or if he tasted the taste of an insect in his mouth, he must spit out [the <i>Terumah</i>].
Tosefta Terumot
One who eats an ant or a louse that is in produce is liable. [One who eats] a mite that is in lentils, or a gnat that is in k'lisin (a carob-like fruit), or a worm that is in dates or figs, is exempt. [The Sages then] reconsidered and changed their mind [and rendered him] liable. [One who eats] a worm in tree roots, or a [different species of] worm in vegetables is liable. [If he consumed] a red gnat within wine or vinegar, behold, this is permitted (מותרין not אסורין per Lieberman and GR"A). [On the subject of wine and vinegar,] Rabbi Yehudah says, those who filter wine or vinegar, and those who make a blessing over the sun (birkat hachama, a blessing made every 28 years), behold, these are foreign (i.e., heretical) practices.
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Tosefta Terumot
Terumah may be used for eating or for drinking or for anointing (alt., "rubbing"). One may [only] eat what is normally used for eating. One may [only] drink what is normally used for drinking. And one may [only] anoint with what is normally used for anointing. How does one "eat what is normally used for eating" (i.e., what does this rule exclude)? We do not require him to eat k'novot (=קנובות, the cut-off portions of vegetables trimmed in the garden, see Jastrow), nor moldy bread, nor a cooked dish that has spoiled (lit., "lost its shape"). Rabbi Chananiah, the Deputy High Priest, says, that which has become pasul (ritually disqualified) from being eaten by a person, but is still fit for a dog to eat, may [still] impart the impurity of food-impurity, and we must burn it in its place. How does one "drink what is normally used for drinking"? We do not require him to swallow anigron (=אֶנִּיגָרוֹן, a sauce of oil and garum to which wine is sometimes added, see Jastrow) or achsigaron (אָכְסִיגָרוֹן not סניגרון, a sauce of vinegar and garum, see Jastrow, and see GR"A here), or to drink wine with its dregs. One who is concerned about the pain in his teeth may not sip [terumah] vinegar through them (cf. Shab. 14:4) and spit it out, but he may sip and swallow it. And he may dip [his food into vinegar] in his customary way and need not be concerned. One who is concerned about a throat ache should not gargle with oil, but he may place a lot of oil inside anigron and swallow it (i.e., the resulting mixture). How does one "anoint with what is normally used for anointing"? One may rub oil on top of his wound. One who is concerned about a headache and anyone who developed a scab, may rub oil [on it]. But one may not rub wine or vinegar [on it], since oil is normally used for rubbing, [and] wine and vinegar are not normally used for rubbing.
