One must not make dates into honey, apples into wine, winter grapes into vinegar, or change any other kind of fruit from their natural state in [a case where they are] <i>Terumah</i> or <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem], except olives and grapes alone. One does not receive forty lashes on account of <i>Orlah</i> [fruits in the first three years after their planting, which may not be eaten], except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. One may not bring liquids as <i>Bikurim</i> [first-fruits that must be given to the priest], except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. And it [fruit juice] is not susceptible to impurity as liquids, except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. And [fruit juice] cannot be offered on the altar, except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes.
Tosefta Demai
Rabbi Yosei ben HaMeshullam testified in the name of Rabbi Natan his brother in the name Rabbi Elazar Hisma, that we [chaverim] do not make Tahorot (i.e., foods requiring a state of ritual purity) for an am ha'aretz (i.e., a Jew who is not scrupulous in his observance, including the laws of purity and tithing). [In addition], do not make him ritually pure Terumah dough (i.e., dough that has been set aside and consecrated to a Kohen (a Jewish priest), presumably, even if the am ha'aretz himself is a Kohen). But one can make him ritually pure but unconsecrated dough in a state of purity, separate Challah (i.e. the Kohen's portion of the dough) from it, and give it to him inside a K'fisha [=כפישה, an inverted basket of twigs or on a tray (which would not be susceptible to impurity), see Jastrow] and an am ha'aretz can come and take this and that [the K'fisha and the dough]. Do not make him ritually pure Terumah olives (i.e., olives that have been set aside and consecrated to a Kohen, presumably, even if the am ha'aretz himself is a Kohen) (see Tos. Terumot 9:10; Y. Ter. XI.3.3), but one can make him ritually pure but unconsecrated olives, separate from them the priestly portion, and give to him inside a vessel of a chaver (see above Tos. Demai 2:2), and the am ha'aretz can come and take both of them [the olives and the vessel].
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Tosefta Terumot
We may not [use terumah spices to] produce aluntit wine (=œnanthe, a health elixir made of aged wine, clear water, and balsam, either drunk or applied to the skin, see Jastrow, Avodah Zarah 30a:2), or spiced oil, and if one did produce aluntit wine or spiced oil, one may [post-facto] anoint himself with the oil but may not anoint himself with the aluntit wine or vinegar*, as oil is ordinarily used for anointing but wine or vinegar* are not normally used for anointing. [*Note: The GR"A strikes "וחומץ"= "or vinegar" here.]
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Tosefta Terumot
Pure terumah olives may be made into oil, [but] impure [olives] are not made into oil. [With respect to terumah] grapes, whether impure or pure, they should not be made [into wine], the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Ya'akov says*, Rabbi Eliezer agrees with Rabbi Yehoshua that pure olives may be made into oil. What did they disagree on? About impure olives -- that Rabbi Eliezer says they may not be made [into oil], and Rabbi Yehoshua says, they may be made [into oil]. (*Note: MS Erfurt switches the positions of Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua.) And [with respect to] pure grapes, that they may be made into [into wine], and impure [grapes] may not be made [into wine]. Said Rabbi Yehuda, Rabbi Yehoshua agrees with Rabbi Eliezer with [respect to] pure olives and with [respect to] pure grapes. What did they disagree on? About impure [olives and grapes]. For Rabbi Eliezer says, they may not be made [into oil and wine, respectively], and Rabbi Yehoshua says, they may be made [into oil and wine]. Said Rebbi, Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua did not disagree about pure olives that are made [into oil] or about impure grapes that are not made [into wine]. What did they disagree on? About impure olives and about pure grapes, that Rabbi Eliezer says, they may not be made [into oil and wine], *and Rabbi Yehoshua says they may be made [into oil and wine]. (*Note: The addition of the clause "and ... made" follows the Yerushalmi and MSS.)
