Talmud for Sheviit 5:8

בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, לֹא יִמְכֹּר לוֹ פָרָה חוֹרֶשֶׁת בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַתִּירִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְשָׁחֲטָהּ. מוֹכֵר לוֹ פֵּרוֹת אֲפִלּוּ בִּשְׁעַת הַזֶּרַע, וּמַשְׁאִיל לוֹ סְאָתוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ גֹּרֶן, וּפוֹרֵט לוֹ מָעוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ פּוֹעֲלִים. וְכֻלָּן, בְּפֵרוּשׁ, אֲסוּרִין:

The house of Shammai say, one should not sell him [a Jew] a plowing cow during the Sabbatical year. The house of Hillel allow it, since he could slaughter it. One may sell him cows even during planting time, and one may lend him his <i>Se'ah</i> measure even though one knows that he has a granary, and make change for him even though one knows he has laborers. And all of these [actions], if [he has expressed] explicit [intent], are forbidden.

Jerusalem Talmud Demai

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Joḥanan said, the reason of the House of Hillel is that people eat from their olives while they are being loaded into the oil vat¹²⁸Olives when harvested are put into large vats called מעטן, to be transported to the oil press. Dry food cannot become impure. The olives can become impure only if their oil starts to flow; the lowest olives in the vat will start to exude fluid even before being emptied into the oil press. Then they and all olives wetted by them may become impure. But the top olives may be eaten dry; it is possible that the buyer will eat some of them while in a state of purity even if the buyer is impure. Hence, there is no logical necessity that the sale will result in the olives made impure., as a subterfuge. The House of Hillel follow their own opinion, as we have stated¹²⁹Mishnah Ševiït 5:8. The first sentence is labelled as opinion of the House of Shammai in the Mishnah. The House of Shammai argue that nobody would buy cattle trained for ploughing in a Sabbatical year unless he intends to use it then.: “One should not sell him a ploughing cow in the Sabbatical year, but the House of Hillel permit this because he may slaughter it.” Do people really slaughter their cattle¹³⁰Cattle trained for ploughing and still vigorous are much too valuable to be slaughtered as food.? As a subterfuge. They agree that one may sell ears of grain¹³¹In the Rome ms. (and R. S. Cirillo), the reason is given: כדי חייו, necessities of life may be sold to everybody. The problems start only with large quantities, as indicated in the next paragraph. for dough even though one knows that the buyer will not prepare the dough in purity.

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