Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud for Gittin 3:4

שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן פַּרְטָא לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְקִיְּמוּ אֶת דְּבָרָיו. עַל עִיר שֶׁהִקִּיפָהּ כַּרְקוֹם, וְעַל הַסְּפִינָה הַמִּטָּרֶפֶת בַּיָּם, וְעַל הַיּוֹצֵא לִדּוֹן, שֶׁהֵן בְּחֶזְקַת קַיָּמִין. אֲבָל עִיר שֶׁכְּבָשָׁהּ כַּרְקוֹם, וּסְפִינָה שֶׁאָבְדָה בַיָּם, וְהַיּוֹצֵא לֵהָרֵג, נוֹתְנִין עֲלֵיהֶן חֻמְרֵי חַיִּים וְחֻמְרֵי מֵתִים, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא תֹאכַל בַּתְּרוּמָה:

R. Elazar b. Parta said three things before the sages, and they confirmed his words: (People) in a besieged (karkom) city [(The Targum of "siege" is "karkumin")], on a tempest-tossed boat [not having sunk], and going out to be judged [for capital offenses] are assumed to be alive. But (people) in a siege-conquered city, on a boat lost at sea, and going out to be executed are invested with the stringencies of the living and the stringencies of the dead. The daughter of an Israelite to a Cohein [(the stringencies of the dead)] and the daughter of a Cohein to an Israelite [(the stringencies of the living)] may not eat terumah.

Jerusalem Talmud Ketubot

What are palisades? Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi: For examples if bells, chains, and ropes164Interpretation of Musaphia. The parallel text in Giṭṭin reads וְאִיסְטְרָטִיּוֹת soldiery., and geese, and chickens and machinery165In Giṭṭin כְּלָבִים “dogs”. The same in the Babli, 27a. surround the town166The bells, geese, etc. shall make sure that nobody escapes.. And Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Ḥama167Here certainlyחמא is a mistake for חייה, cf. Note 159. bar Ashi said, it happened that a blind woman was able to flee from there168He questions the Mishnah. If a blind woman can escape a siege conducted so that nobody should escape, then everybody could escape and the fact that at the beginning of the siege the wife of a Cohen was in the town does not mean anything.. If there was one breach169In the palisades surrounding the town., it saves all. If there were hiding places, it is questionable170It is undecided whether a woman can claim that she was in hiding and not a victim of the entering army.. Rebbi Ze‘ira, Rebbi Abba bar Zavda, Rebbi Isaac bar Ḥaqula, in the name of Rebbi Yudan the prince: Only if there were palisades of that government171The Mishnah speaks only of a revolt or a civil war, when the army is ordered to attack (and enslave) the civilian population. A conquering foreign army might plunder, but its soldiers are not under orders to rape all women. In the interpretation of Tosaphot (s. v. כאן), the same statement appears in the Babli, 27a, in the name of Ḥizqiah.. But palisades from another government are like robbers.
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