Talmud for Eruvin 1:10
מַקִּיפִין בְּקָנִים, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בֵין קָנֶה לַחֲבֵרוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. בְּשַׁיָּרָא דִבְּרוּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא דִבְּרוּ בְשַׁיָּרָא אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. כָּל מְחִצָּה שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁל שְׁתִי וְשֶׁל עֵרֶב, אֵינָהּ מְחִצָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד מִשְּׁנֵי דְבָרִים. אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים פָּטְרוּ בַמַּחֲנֶה, מְבִיאִין עֵצִים מִכָּל מָקוֹם, וּפְטוּרִים מֵרְחִיצַת יָדַיִם, וּמִדְּמַאי, וּמִלְּעָרֵב:
They may fence it with reeds [stuck in the ground and standing straight (a perpendicular partition; that of ropes, being a horizontal one)], so long as there not be more than three tefachim between one reed and the next. This was stated in respect to a caravan. [They were lenient with them, requiring either a perpendicular arrangement, as with reeds, or a horizontal one, as with ropes; but they were not lenient with an individual, requiring both perpendicular and horizontal. (Three men are considered a "caravan.")] These are the words of R. Yehudah. The sages said: They spoke of a "caravan" only as being the common instance, (but it is permitted even with an individual.) Any partition which is not (both) perpendicular and horizontal is no partition. These are the words of R. Yossi b. R. Yehudah. [R. Yossi b. R. Yehudah differs with his father, saying that even a caravan requires perpendicular and horizontal.] The difference between the first rabbis and the second: The first rabbis permitted it to an individual only in an instance like that of a caravan, i.e., when he is on the road and cannot make a regular partition, but not when he is in the settlement. And the second rabbis say: Either way (perpendicular or horizontal), whether for an individual or for many; whether on the road or in a settlement. And the halachah is in accordance with them. But one man or two who camped in the desert may not make a partition larger than beth sa'atayim, one hundred cubits in length by fifty in width, as per the tabernacle court. And three or more men constitute a "caravan," and they may make a large partition, even several mil, as may be required by them, their belongings, and their beasts, so long as there be no empty space larger than a beth sa'atayim in the partition. Those who go out to war [even a sanctioned war (milchemeth reshuth, as opposed to milchemeth mitzvah)] were exempt from four things: They may bring wood from anywhere, [with no concern over theft, even if it were cut and piled by the owners]; they are exempt from washing their hands [before a meal. (But they are required to wash after the meal, that washing having been prescribed by reason of Sodomite salt, which causes blindness. A risk (to life) is of greater stringency than a prohibition.)]; (they are exempt) from demai [They are not required to separate terumath ma'aser from demai (suspect produce), as when they bought produce from an am ha'aretz]; (and they are exempt) from making an eruv [an eruv of courts, such as from tent to tent within the camp surrounded by partitions; but they are required to make an eruv of (Sabbath) bounds.]