Talmud for Berakhot 4:3

רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּכָל יוֹם מִתְפַּלֵּל אָדָם שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם שְׁגוּרָה תְפִלָּתוֹ בְּפִיו, יִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. וְאִם לָאו, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה:

R. Gamliel says: One recites eighteen blessings (shemoneh esreh) every day. R. Yehoshua says: What is akin to eighteen blessings. [In the gemara, some explain that he recites each of the middle blessings in short and concludes with the blessing for each one; and others, that he says: "Cause us, O L-rd our G-d, to know Your ways" (havineinu), which is one blessing epitomizing all of the middle blessings of the shemoneh esreh, and he concludes: "Blessed are you, O L-rd, who listens to prayer."] R. Akiva says: If it (the shemoneh esreh) is "habitual" in his mouth, [if he is "taught" and fluent in it], he recites shemoneh esreh; if not, he recites what is akin to it. [And the halachah is according to R. Akiva, that if one is not fluent in it, or is hard-pressed, he recites the first three blessings and the last, and "Havineinu," in the middle, Havineinu epitomizing all of the middle blessings (with the exception of the rainy season, when he does not recite Havineinu, it being necessary for him to recite the request for rain in the blessing of the years; and with the exception of the conclusion of Sabbaths and festivals, when he must recite havdalah in chonen hada'ath.]

Jerusalem Talmud Taanit

HALAKHAH: ^194*This Halakhah and the next are repeated in Megillah 1:5 (מ). The Mishnah is Rebbi Meïr’s, since Rebbi Meïr said, “not to eulogize” one is forbidden to fast, “not to fast” one is permitted to eulogize¹⁹⁵“To eulogize”, to eulogize a deceased person either on his funeral or on a formal occasion in his remembrance. Both are incompatible with a holiday spirit. In the Babli, the attribution to R. Meïr is affirmed in Roš Haššanah and denied in Ta`anit 18a.. “Not to” unspecified¹⁹⁶A day mentioned in the Scroll without indication of any restriction. is as “not to fast.” Rebbi Jonah said, “these are the days not to eulogize <fast> on them, and partially not to fast <eulogize> on them.¹⁹⁷The introductory statement to Megillat Ta`anit. All sources of Megillat Ta`anit support the version in Megillah, here given in <braces>, that days of fast are fewer than days of no eulogies.” Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel said, why does it say “on them” twice? To teach that the night is permitted but the day forbidden¹⁹⁸No restrictions apply to the night of the day mentioned in the Scroll.. As it was stated¹⁹⁹Megillat Ta`anit, end of Month of Adar., “therefore a person who takes it on himself has to forbid himself in prayer.” Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, that he must mention it on the preceding evening²⁰⁰If a person intends to fast on a day where this is prohibited by Megillat Ta`anit, he has to start in the evening and mention his fast in the prayer. Then he has to fast as a vow which is a biblical obligation which cannot be annulled by rabbinical festive days.. This comes following what Rebbi Ze`ira said in the name of Rav Huna: Similar to Friday night and Sabbath day.

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