Mishnah
Mishnah

Midrash for Shabbat 24:1

מִי שֶׁהֶחְשִׁיךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ, נוֹתֵן כִּיסוֹ לְנָכְרִי, וְאִם אֵין עִמּוֹ נָכְרִי, מְנִיחוֹ עַל הַחֲמוֹר. הִגִּיעַ לֶחָצֵר הַחִיצוֹנָה, נוֹטֵל אֶת הַכֵּלִים הַנִּטָּלִין בְּשַׁבָּת, וְשֶׁאֵינָן נִטָּלִין בְּשַׁבָּת, מַתִּיר אֶת הַחֲבָלִים, וְהַשַּׂקִּין נוֹפְלִין מֵאֲלֵיהֶם:

If it were getting dark for one on the road (on Sabbath eve), he gives his purse to a gentile [while it is still day. And even though he becomes the Jew's messenger to carry his purse on Shabbath, it is axiomatic with the rabbis that a man will not contain himself when his money is at stake, and if this (the above) were not permitted, he would come to carry it four cubits in the public domain.] And if there is no gentile with him, he places it on an ass. [But if there is a gentile with him, he gives it to the gentile. Why so? For one is commanded vis-à-vis the resting of an ass, but not vis-à-vis the resting of a gentile. And when he places his purse on the ass when it gets dark, he does so while it is walking; that is, after it lifted its legs to walk, so that it does not perform akirah. And when the animal is going to stop, he removes it from her. And when she again lifts her legs to walk, he again places it upon her — this, so that the animal not perform akirah and hanachah. For if he is allowed to perform akirah and hanachah with him driving and leading it, he is "mechamer" (driving a laden beast) on Shabbath, which is forbidden whatever the beast is carrying, viz. (Exodus 20:10): "You shall not perform any labor, you … and your beast." Which labor is it that is performed jointly between a man and his beast? Mechamer.] When he reaches the outer courtyard [of the city, the first guarded place — When he comes to unload the ass] he takes [from it with his hand] vessels which may be moved on Shabbath. And (to release) those which may not be moved on Shabbath, he frees the [saddle] ropes, and the sacks fall of themselves.

Devarim Rabbah

The halakhah is: A Jew who was walking on the way Erev Shabbat and it grew dark, and he had in his hand coins or something else, what should he do? This is what our sages taught? One for whom the path grows dark [erev Shabbat] he should give his wallet to a non-Jew. And why is it permitted to give it to a non-Jew? R. Levi said, when the children of Noah were commanded, they were commanded only about seven things, and Shabbat was not one of them, therefore they allowed it to be given to a non-Jew. And R. Yose bar Hanina said: A non-Jew who keeps Shabbat before he accepts upon himself circumcision is obligated for the death penalty. Why? For they were not commanded to keep this. And why did you says that a non-Jew who keeps Shabbat is liable for the death penalty? R. Hiyya b. Abba said in the name of R. Yohanan: It is the way of the world that a king and a matron are having a discussion, and one who sticks their head in, are they not liable for death? Thus Shabbat is a matter between Israel and God, as it says, "Between me and the children of Israel." [Thus any non-Jew who puts himself between them before he accepts circumcision, is obligated for death.] ...
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