Halakhah for Sheviit 4:2

שָׂדֶה שֶׁנִּתְקַוְּצָה, תִּזָּרַע בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית. שֶׁנִּטַּיְּבָה אוֹ שֶׁנִּדַּיְּרָה, לֹא תִזָּרַע בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית. שָׂדֶה שֶׁנִּטַּיְּבָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אוֹכְלִין פֵּרוֹתֶיהָ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אוֹכְלִין. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין אוֹכְלִין פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית בְּטוֹבָה, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אוֹכְלִין בְּטוֹבָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בְטוֹבָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חִלּוּף הַדְּבָרִים, זוֹ מִקֻּלֵּי בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחֻמְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל:

A field which had been de-thorned, may be planted during the eight year. A field which had been improved [by ploughing] or fertilized may not be planted during the eighth year. A field which had been improved: the house of Shammai says its fruit may not be eaten on the seventh year, while the house of Hillel says they may be eaten. The house of Shammai says the fruit of the seventh year may not be eaten while [expressing] gratitude [to the original owner], while the house of Hillel says they may be eaten either while [expressing] gratitude [to the original owner] or not. Rabbi Yehudah says, These opinions must be switched, for this is one of the examples of a leniency of the house of Shammai and a stringency of the house of Hillel.

Sefer HaChinukh

From the laws of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Mishnah Sheviit 4:2) that even if a person transgressed and planted his field in the seventh [year] and [its produce] grew, the produce is permissible on a Torah level; so long as it is not harvested in the way of the harvesters on all other years - such that they harvest the whole field and bundle it into a threshing floor and thresh it with oxen. Rather from Torah writ, the law is to harvest a little at a time, to pound [it] and to eat. But the Sages decreed that [even] the aftergrowth be forbidden for eating, on account of the transgressors that would sow their garden in the Fall and say, "It is [only] aftergrowth." And this decree is only with vegetables, grains and legumes, as it is the way of people to plant them. But fruits of the trees and grasses - which is not the way of people to sow - are permitted (see Mishneh Torah, Laws of Sabbatical Year and the Jubilee 4).

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