The equivalent [in volume] of an egg of [impure] foods which one placed in the sun and they shrank, and similarly the equivalent of an egg [in volume] of a dead body, or the equivalent of an egg [in volume] of an animal carcass, or the equivalent of a lentil [in volume] of a vermin, or the equivalent of an olive of <i>pigul</i> [any sacrifice about which the priest bringing it had any invalidating intention], or the equivalent of an olive of remainders [leftover sacrifices left past their designated time, which then become forbidden for eating], or the equivalent of an olive of forbidden fats, [if one placed any of these in the sun and they shrunk to less than their initial measure,] these things [the impure foods, the body, the carcass, and the vermin, all of which were impure] are pure, and these [the final three items on the list], one is not subject to liability on account of them, not for <i>pigul</i>, nor for remainders, nor for [eating] forbidden fats [literally: for impurity]. If one placed them in the rain and they swelled [back to their original full measure], they are impure, and one is subject to liability on account of them for <i>pigul</i>, for remainders, and for [eating] forbidden fats [literally: for impurity].
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
הרי אלו טהורים – an egg’s bulk they consume and it is referring to an olives’ bulk from a corpse and an olive’s bulk from a carrion and a lentil’s bulk from the a creeping insect/reptile.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Introduction
This mishnah deals with food that originally was large enough to be impure (or to have some other rule apply to it) and then became smaller because it was left out in the sun.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
הניחן בגשמים ונתפחו טמאין – for all of the measurement that we follow are after their size/greatness. And from here, we hold that there is no suspension/removal of an object from its purpose regarding prohibitions.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If an egg's bulk of food was left in the sun and it was lessened, and so also in the case of an olive's bulk of corpse, an olive's bulk of carrion, a lentil's bulk of a sheretz, an olive's bulk of piggul, an olive's bulk of notar, or an olive's bulk of forbidden fat they become clean; In all of these cases something was the requisite size to convey impurity or to be impure. It was then left in the sun and it dried out and thereby lost the requisite size. Since the object is no longer large enough, it becomes clean. I will explain what each of these items is: Food: needs to be the size of an egg to become impure. Pieces of corpse, carrion (an animal that was not properly slaughtered) and a sheretz (a creepy crawly thing): needs to the size of an olive to transmit impurity. Piggul: is sacrificial meat slaughtered by a priest who had the intent to eat the meat in the wrong place or at a time when it couldn't be eaten. Notar: sacrificial meat left over beyond the time when it should have been eaten. Forbidden fat: helev, the forbidden fat of a permitted animal.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Nor is one liable on account of these for transgressing the law of piggul, notar or forbidden fat. Just as the piggul, notar and forbidden fat do not convey impurity if their bulk becomes less than an olive, so too one who eats them is not liable for karet, which is the usual punishment for eating one of these substances.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If they were then left out in the rain and they swelled, they become unclean and guilt is incurred on account of them for transgressing the law of piggul, notar or forbidden fat. If any of these substances is left out in the rain, it returns to its original impurity and if one eats one of the latter substances (piggul, notar or forbidden fat) he is liable.
