And which is a positive commandment of niddah [comparable to that of the sanctuary, where the uncleanliness occurs after permitted entrance], where they [beth-din] are liable [for a bullock of forgetfulness if they erred in the ruling]? If he were cohabiting with a clean (non-niddah) woman [having "entered" permittedly], and she said to him: "I have become unclean" [now], and he withdrew immediately [with erect organ], he is liable, for his withdrawal is pleasurable to him as is his entry. [But he should wait without movement until the organ "dies" and withdraw when he has lost his erection. This is the positive commandment of niddah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
ואיזו היא מצות עשה שבנדה – which is similar to that which in the Sanctuary, that defilement occurred to him when he came with legal permission to entrance [into the Temple], if the Jewish court erred in this teaching , they are liable for a bull for an unwitting communal sin (as a result of an erroneous Halakhic decision handed down by the Great Sanhedrin).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Introduction
Mishnah four contains a short digression which discusses the obligation of a court to bring a sacrificial bullock if they give a wrong teaching. This subject is learned more fully in Tractate Horayoth. This digression is found here because one of the wrongful teachings for which the court is not obligated is given as an example in mishnah three.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
היה משמש עם הטהורה – that [his penis] entered [her vagina] with legal permission and she said to him: ‘I have become ritually defiled now,” and he removed it immediately while his limb was hard, he is liable. But rather, he should stand without coitus until the limb dies and he can remove it without difficulty, and this is the positive commandment regarding the menstruating woman.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
And which is the positive precept concerning a menstruant for which they are liable? [This:] if one cohabited with a [ritually] pure woman, and she said to him: “I have become impure”, and he withdrew immediately, he is liable, because his withdrawal is as pleasant to him as his entry. This mishnah continues the subject taught in section two of the previous mishnah, namely cases where the court is or is not obligated to bring a sacrifice if they gave a mistaken ruling. In Tractate Horayoth 2:4 we will learn that if the court made a mistake with regards to the laws of menstrual purity, in either a positive or negative commandment, they must bring the sacrifice. Our mishnah asks what is the positive commandment to which that mishnah refers. The answer is a case where a man was having sexual relations with a pure woman, i.e. a woman who was not menstruating. If, while having sex she told him that she had just begun to menstruate, he has a problem, since the Torah forbids sexual relations with a menstruant (Leviticus 20:18). Our mishnah teaches that if the court instructed him to withdraw immediately, the court has taught mistakenly and must bring a sacrifice. This is because his withdrawal while erect is actually pleasurable for him. Rather he is forbidden to withdraw until his erection disappears.
