If there were no awareness in the beginning [(i.e., If he never knew of this uncleanliness, this never becomes subject to an offering, an offering obtaining only where there was awareness in the beginning)], but there was awareness in the end, the kid presented outside [on the outer altar, with the additional Yom Kippur offerings] and Yom Kippur [itself] atone [with the kid], it being written (Numbers 29:11): "…aside from the offering of atonement." Whatever the latter atones for, the former atones for. Just as the inner (altar sacrifice, "the latter") atones only where there was awareness, so the outer (altar sacrifice, "the former") atones only where there was awareness. [It is written of the kid presented outside: "One kid of goats as a sin-offering, aside from the sin-offering of atonement." The sin-offering of atonement is the kid presented within. Scripture likens them to teach us that what one atones for, the other atones for, viz.: Just as the inner is presented only where there was awareness, (in that instance,) awareness in the beginning, as derived from (Leviticus 16:16): "…for all of their sins," the implication being: for all that would be subject to a sin-offering if there were awareness at the end; and there is no sin-offering without awareness in the beginning — so the kid presented outside does not atone unless there was awareness, (in this instance,) awareness at the end, but not in the beginning, where it would never be subject to a sin-offering. And this atonement is absolute, without "suspension" (see 1:2)].
Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אין בה ידיעה בתחלה – he did not know about this ritual defilement at all, this does not into the category of [a required] sacrifice ever, for the sacrifice dos not come other than when he has awareness [of ritual impurity] at the beginning.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Introduction
Mishnah three continues to define when a person is obligated to bring a sacrifice in a situation where he did not know that he had been impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
שעיר הנעשה בחוץ – that is offered on the outer altar [which yields blood to be sprinkled] during the Musaf of Yom Kippur.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Where there is no knowledge at the beginning but there is knowledge at the end, the goat sacrificed on the outer altar together with the day of atonement bring atonement, for it says: “[one he-goat for a sin-offering] beside the sin-offering of atonement” (Numbers 29:1: for that which this goat [prepared inside the Holy of Holies] atones this goat [prepared outside] atones: just as the ‘inner’ goat atones only for a sin where there was knowledge [at the beginning], so the “outer” goat atones only for a sin where there was knowledge [at the end]. Our mishnah deals with the situation where a person did not know that they had become impure and then ate of holy food or entered the Temple and then realized that they were impure. Since there is not knowledge in the beginning and in the end, this person cannot achieve atonement by personally bringing a “sliding scale” sacrifice. Rather our mishnah teaches that the goat sacrificed on Yom Kippur at the outer altar as a sin-offering brings atonement from this person. This teaching is learned by a comparison with the goat offered inside the Holy of Holies. Just as the goat offered inside brings atonement in a case where there was knowledge of the contraction of uncleanness, in this case prior to the eating of the holy food or the entering into the Temple (see mishnah two) so too the goat offered outside brings atonement in a case where there was knowledge of the contraction of uncleanness, in this case after the eating of the holy food or the entering into the Temple.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
ויום הכיפורים – itself atones with the goat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
שנאמר – regarding the goat that is offered on the outer altar (Numbers 29:11): “And there shall be one goat for a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering of expiation,” for the sin offering of expiation is the goat that is offered inside and Scripture juxtaposed them, to teach you just as one expiates/atones, so too the other atones/expiates; the inside [goat] doesn’t come other than with a matter about which there is awareness, and what is this awareness? At the outset, as we derive from Scripture, as it is written (Leviticus 16:21): “[Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat and confess over all the iniquities and transgressions of the Israelites,] whatever their sins, [putting them on the head of the goat],” which implies that for those that come within the category of sin - , that they should have awareness of them at the conclusion, and it is impossible that to come within the category of sin-offering other than if they had awareness at the outset, even the goat that is offered outside does not atone other than if he as awareness of it, and what is it? Awareness at the conclusion and not at the beginning, for they are not included in the category of sacrifice, and this atoning is complete atonement/expiation without doubt.
