A tanur (an oven) which was heated with straw or with gevava [Because a tanur is narrow above and broad below, its heat is more concentrated than that of a kirah, so that even if it were heated with straw or with gevava, we fear that he might stir the coals, for he never removes his mind from it] — a dish may not be placed in it, both within or on the side. A kupach which was heated with straw or gevavah is like a kirayim; with gefeth or wood, like a tanur. [A kupach is made like a kirah, but it is as long as it is broad, so that there is room for only one dish. The fire passes beneath it and its heat is greater than that of a kirah (because a kirah is open above the space of two pots, whereas the kupach is open only the space of one pot), and less than that of a tanur.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
תנור – because it is narrow above and wide below, it absorbs its heat into it more than a double stove and even if he heated it with straw and rakings, we fear that he might rake the coals under the ashes, for he never removes it from his mind.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned about leaving a cooked dish on a double stove during Shabbat. Today’s mishnah discusses ovens and single stoves. To understand these mishnayot we need to understand a little bit about how these things were made. Double stoves are as wide on top as they are below and therefore they do not preserve heat particularly well. Ovens are wider below than they are up top and are the best at preserving heat. Single stoves have only one opening up top they are hotter than double stoves but cooler than ovens.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בין מגביו – for support near its walls.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If an oven was heated with stubble or straw, one may not place [a dish] either inside or on top. Since the heat of an oven is greater than that of a stove, it is forbidden to leave anything in or on top of an oven. Even if there is only a little fire, we are concerned lest she come to rake the coals on Shabbat. The mishnah states that this is prohibited when the oven is lit with stubble or straw; all the more so it is prohibited if the oven is lit with peat or wood.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כופח – it is made like a double stove but its length is like its width and is stove which only has room for one pot (Tractate Shabbat 38b), and the fire passes underneath it and its vapor is greater than that of the double stove for the double stove is open above for two pots and the brazier/small stove is not open other than for the measure of one pot and has less than the vapor of an oven.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If a single stove was heated with stubble or straws, it is like a double stove; With peat or wood, it is like an oven. If a single stove is heated with stubble or straw then we can treat it like the double stove and leave a dish on it on Shabbat. However, if it was heated with peat or wood then it is like an oven and it is forbidden to leave dishes both on top and inside. The Talmud adds that even if the coals had been removed or covered with ash it is still prohibited.
