If one throws and remembered after it left his hand — if another caught it, if a dog caught it, or if it were burned, he is not liable. [If he throws a stone on Shabbath unwittingly and remembers that it is Shabbath after it leaves his hand, before it comes to rest — even if another did not catch it, but it landed normally, he is not liable. For thus is it taught at the end: "until the beginning and the end be unwitting"; but in this instance, the beginning was unwitting and the end witting, since he remembered that it was Shabbath before it landed. The Mishnah is to be understood thus: "If one throws, and he remembered after it left his hand; or else, if he did not remember, but another caught it … he is not liable, for two who perform (one labor) are not liable. But if it landed, he is liable. When is this so? If he forgot again. But if he did not forget again, he is not liable, for all who are liable, etc."] If he threw it to cause a wound, whether in a man or in a beast, and he remembered before the wound was caused, he is not liable. This is the rule [(also including one who carries something from place to place. If he picks it up unwittingly and remembers that it is Shabbath before he puts it down, he is not liable)]: all who are liable for a sin-offering are not liable until the beginning and the end be unwitting. If the beginning were unwitting and the end witting, or the beginning witting and the end unwitting, they are not liable — until the beginning and the end be unwitting.
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
הזורק – [he throws] on the Sabbath inadvertently and is reminded that it is Shabbat after the stone left from under his hand before it came to rest, even if another did not receive/intercept it, but rather it came to rest in a natural manner, he is exempt, for such is taught further on [in our Mishnah] : until its beginning and its end are inadvertent,” for this, its beginning is inadvertent and its end is on purpose/wanton, for since he was reminded that it was Shabbat prior to it coming to a rest, and our Mishnah, this is how it to be explained: A person who throws and then is reminded [that it is Shabbat] after it left from under his hand; alternatively, he was not reminded until the other [person] intercepted/received it, etc., for this is a case where two who performed this act, they are exempt; for if it came to rest, he Is liable to a sin offering in the four cubits when he returned and forgot, but if he didn’t return and forgot, he is exempt, for all those liable for a sin offering, etc.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah teaches and illustrates the rule that in order for a person to be liable to bring a sin-offering, the entire forbidden act must be performed unwittingly. If part of the act is performed intentionally, then no sin-offering is brought.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
זה הכלל – which includes also transferring an object form place to place – for if he uprooted it inadvertently and was reminded that it was Shabbat prior his putting it down, he is exempt.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If one throws [something] and remembers [that it is Shabbat] after it leaves his hand, and another catches it, or a dog catches it or it is burnt, he is not liable. If someone throws something not remembering that it is the Sabbath and then, while the object is still in the air, she remembers that it is the Sabbath, it turns out that in the beginning of her forbidden activity she was an unintentional sinner and at the end she was already an intentional sinner. She is not liable, for as we learn later in the mishnah, in order for one to be liable to bring a sin-offering the entire action from beginning to end must be performed unwittingly. This section also includes several other cases where someone throws something and she is nevertheless exempt. If the object is caught by a dog or by another person or is burnt up before it lands, it turns out that she uprooted the object but she didn’t cause it to be put down. Therefore, she is exempt. Note, that this does not mean that one is allowed to throw things to one’s fellow in the public domain or from one domain to the other. Rather, one who does so is not liable.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If one throws [something] in order to inflict a wound whether to a person or a beast, and he remembers [that it is Shabbat] before the wound is inflicted he is not liable. Putting a wound into somebody is a derivative of one of the forbidden labors on Shabbat. In this case the person throws something at another person or at an animal while not knowing that it is Shabbat but remembers before the thrown object wounds the other person or animal. Similar to above, the beginning of the act was performed unwittingly and at the end the act was intentional. Hence the thrower is exempt.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
This is the general principle: all who are liable to sin-offerings are liable only if the beginning and the end [of the forbidden action] are unwitting. If their beginning is unwitting while their end is intentional, if their beginning is intentional while their end is unwitting, they are not liable, unless their beginning and end are intentional. This section states explicitly the general rule that stood behind the previous two sections.
