If one throws (something) four cubits at a wall [from the beginning of four cubits to the end, and it landed on a wall abutting the public domain] — above ten cubits, it is as if he throws it in the air. [e.g., if it were a fig-cake and it stuck to the wall above ten cubits in the atmosphere of the public domain, he is not liable, for anything higher than ten cubits in the public domain is a makom p'tur.]; below ten cubits, it is as if he throws it on the ground [from the beginning of four to the end of four in the public domain. He is liable even if there are only four cubits exactly from the place of the picking up of the object to the wall. We do not say that the thickness of the fig-cake detracts from the four cubits so that "from the beginning of four to the end of four" does not obtain; for since he does not cancel the fig-cake to the wall, nothing is detracted by its thickness.] If he throws it four cubits on the ground, he is liable. If he threw it inside four cubits, and it rolled outside, he is exempt, [for he did not intend a throwing of liability]. (If he threw it) outside four cubits and it rolled inside, he is liable; [that is, when it rested somewhat outside four cubits before rolling back.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
הזורק ד' אמות בכותל – from the beginning of the four cubits to the end of the four [cubits] and it came to rest on the wall that is close to the public domain, higher than ten handbreadths, such as a case where there was a thick cake of pressed figs that was attached to the wall higher than ten handbreadths in the public domain, it is an exempt space.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
It is forbidden to carry something four cubits in the public domain. Our mishnah deals with someone who throws something four cubits in the public domain and some nuances concerning this halakhah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
למטה מעשרה כזורק בארץ – from the beginning of the four [cubits] to the end of four [cubits] in the public domain and he is liable, even though there is not from the place of the uprooting of the object to the wall other than four cubits exactly, we did not state the thickness of the cake of pressed figs is excluded from the four cubits and we don’t have here from the beginning of the four [cubits] to the end of the four [cubits] , for it does not exclude the pressed figs on the wall, its thickness does not exclude anything.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One who throws [something] four cubits on to a wall: if [the wall] is above ten handbreadths, it is as if he throws it into the air; if below, it is as if it he throws it on to the ground. ( And one who throws [something] four cubits on the ground is liable. According to the rabbis, above ten handbreadths is no longer the public domain, but neither is it a private domain. It is called a “makom patur”, a place that is exempt from the laws of carrying. Therefore, one who throws something onto a wall that is higher than ten handbreadths is exempt. However, if she throws it and it goes four cubits and lands on a wall lower than ten cubits, it is as if the object landed on the ground and she is liable. This is because someone who throws something four cubits on the ground is liable.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ונתגלגל חוץ לד"א פטור – for he did not intend for a throwing of liability.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If one threw [something] within four cubits and it rolled beyond four cubits, he is exempt; [If one threw something] beyond four cubits and it rolled within four cubits, he is liable. This section deals with throwing something that afterwards rolls. If she throws the object less than four cubits and it rolls further, she is exempt. This is because she did not intend to throw something four cubits. Alternatively, she is exempt because the object didn’t at first land the necessary four cubits away. However, if she threw something four cubits and then it rolled back she is still liable because it did land four cubits from where she threw it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ונתגלגל לתוך ד"א חייב – and it came to rest a bit outside of the four cubits prior to rolling inwards.
