Commentary for Menachot 1:3
רִבָּה שַׁמְנָהּ, וְחִסַּר שַׁמְנָהּ, חִסַּר לְבוֹנָתָהּ, פְּסוּלָה. הַקּוֹמֵץ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה לֶאֱכֹל שְׁיָרֶיהָ בַחוּץ, אוֹ כַזַּיִת מִשְּׁיָרֶיהָ בַחוּץ, לְהַקְטִיר קֻמְצָהּ בַּחוּץ, אוֹ כַזַּיִת מִקֻּמְצָהּ בַּחוּץ, אוֹ לְהַקְטִיר לְבוֹנָתָהּ בַּחוּץ, פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. לֶאֱכֹל שְׁיָרֶיהָ לְמָחָר, אוֹ כַזַּיִת מִשְּׁיָרֶיהָ לְמָחָר, לְהַקְטִיר קֻמְצָהּ לְמָחָר, אוֹ כַזַּיִת מִקֻּמְצָהּ לְמָחָר, אוֹ לְהַקְטִיר לְבוֹנָתָהּ לְמָחָר, פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הַקּוֹמֵץ, וְהַנּוֹתֵן בִּכְלִי, וְהַמְהַלֵּךְ, וְהַמַּקְטִיר, לֶאֱכֹל דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל, וּלְהַקְטִיר דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַקְטִיר, חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, פָּסוּל וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, פִּגּוּל וְחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיִּקְרַב הַמַּתִּיר כְּמִצְוָתוֹ. כֵּיצַד קָרַב הַמַּתִּיר כְּמִצְוָתוֹ. קָמַץ בִּשְׁתִיקָה וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁקָּמַץ חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר בִּשְׁתִיקָה, אוֹ שֶׁקָּמַץ וְנָתַן בַּכְּלִי וְהִלֵּךְ וְהִקְטִיר חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ, זֶה הוּא שֶׁקָּרַב הַמַּתִּיר כְּמִצְוָתוֹ:
If he used too much oil or too little oil or too little frankincense, it is invalid. One who takes a handful from the grain offering [intending] to eat the remainder [of the offering] outside [the Temple] or an olive’s bulk outside; Or to burn the handful or an olive’s bulk of the fistful outside; or to burn its frankincense outside, it is invalid, but it does not entail <i>karet</i> [divinely imposed punishment consisting of death at an early age without progeny]. [One who takes a handful from the grain offering intending] to eat the remainder the next day or an olive’s bulk the next day; or to burn the fistful the next day or an olive’s bulk of the handful the next day; or to burn its frankincense the next day, It is <i>piggul</i> [a sacrifice that becomes unfit due to the intention of the officiating priest to consume it outside of its permitted time], and they would be liable for <i>karet</i> [divinely imposed punishment consisting of death at an early age without progeny]. This is the general rule: anyone who takes the fistful, or puts it into a vessel, or carries it to the altar, or burns it, [intending] to eat [the amount] which is normally eaten, or to burn [the amount] which is normally burned: outside its prescribed place [the Temple courtyard], [the minhah] is invalid, but it does not result in <i>karet</i>; after its designated time, it is <i>piggul</i> [a sacrifice unfit due to the intention to consume it outside of its permitted time] and it results in <i>karet</i>, provided that the [portion which] permits is offered as required. How is the [portion which] permits offered as required"? If one took the handful in silence [i.e., without express intention], and put it in a vessel and carried it, and burned it, [intending to eat it] after its designated time; Or if one took the handful [intending to eat the grain-offering] after its designated time, and put it in a vessel, and carried it and burned it in silence, or if one took the handful and put it in a vessel, carried it out, and burned it [intending to eat the grain-offering] after its designated time. This is offering the [portion which] permits as is required.
Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
One who takes a fistful from the minhah [intending]: To eat the remainder outside [the Temple] or an olive’s worth outside; To burn the fistful or an olive’s worth of the fistful outside; To burn its frankincense outside, It is invalid, but it does not involve karet.
[One who takes a fistful from the minhah intending]: To eat the remainder the next day or an olive’s worth the next day; To burn the fistful the next day or an olive’s worth of the fistful the next day; To burn its frankincense the next day, It is piggul, and involves kareth.
This is the general rule: anyone who removes the fistful, or puts it into a vessel, or carries it to the altar, or burns it, [intending] to eat as much as an olive of that which is normally eaten or to burn [on the altar] as much as an olive of that which is normally burned outside its prescribed place, [the minhah] is invalid, but it does not involve karet; [Intending to eat or burn] after its designated time, it is piggul and it involves karet. Provided that the mattir is offered in accordance with the law.
How is the mattir offered in accordance with the law? If one took out the fistful in silence, and put it in a vessel, or carried it, or burned it, [intending to eat it] after its designated time; Or if one took out the fistful [intending to eat the minhah] after its designated time, and put it in a vessel, and carried it and burned it in silence, or if one took out the fistful, or put it in a vessel, or carried it, or burned it [intending to eat the minhah] after its designated time. That is offering the mattir in accordance with the law.
This mishnah is nearly similar to Zevahim 2:2-5. It deals with various ways in which the minhah offering is disqualified.
Section one: The amount of oil put into a minhah offering is one log for every tenth of an ephah of flour. If he puts in too much or too little oil the minhah is invalid. The amount of frankincense is two karots. If he puts in too little frankincense, the minhah is invalid, but it is not invalidated if he puts in too much.
Sections two-five: These sections are taught nearly word for word in Zevahim 2:2-4, so I have not rewritten my entire commentary here. The one difference is that here the mishnah discusses the four actions relevant to the minhah: taking out the fistful, putting it in a vessel, bringing it to the altar and burning it there. These are parallel to the four main activities with animal and bird sacrifices. Also, the fistful and the frankincense are parallel to the blood and the innards of the animal, such that the remainder of the minhah is parallel to the flesh of the animal.
Everything else in this mishnah is already explained in Zevahim 2:2-4.