If one did not bring the offerings [his festival peace-offerings and his burnt-offering of "seeing"], he may bring them the entire festival and the last yom tov of Succoth [Shemini Atzereth. Even though it is a festival in itself, it satisfies payment for the first day. And Shavuoth, too, even though it is only one day, payment can be made all seven, Scripture likening all festivals to each other, viz. (Deuteronomy 16:16): "on the festival of matzoth, and on the festival of Shavuoth, and on the festival of Succoth." Just as with the festival of matzoth payment can be satisfied all seven days, so with the festival of Shavuoth.] If the festival passed and he did not bring the offering, he need not make restitution. Of this it is written (Koheleth 1:15): "The crooked cannot be straightened and the lacking cannot be numbered."
Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
מי שלא חג – He did not bring his Festival Peace-Offering and his burnt-offering of “appearance”/pilgrimage.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
Introduction
This mishnah teaches that if one did not bring the hagigah offering on the first day of the festival, he has the rest of the festival to bring it. This is derived from Leviticus 23:41 which says, “You shall observe it as a festival of the Lord for seven days” implying that the hagigah can be brought throughout the festival.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
ויום טוב האחרון – Shemini Atzeret (sometimes called, “The Eighth Day of Solemn Assembly”); and even though it is a festival of its own, it is an indemnity of the First Day [of Sukkot]. And the holiday of Shavuot (sometimes called, “The Feast of Weeks”) also, even though it is not other than one day. But it has indemnity all seven, since we make an analogy of Biblical verses [in a comparison based upon close proximity] one with the other (Deuteronomy 16:16): “[Three times a year] – on the Feast of Unleavened Bread, on the Feast of Weeks and on the Feast of Booths – [all your males shall appear before the LORD your God….].” Just as Feast of Unleavened bread has תשלומין /indemnity all seven days, even the Feast of Weeks (i.e., Shavuot) has indemnity all seven days.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
He who did not bring his hagigah on the first day of the festival of Sukkot, may bring it during the whole of the festival, even on the last festival day of Sukkot. Even though the last day of Sukkot is a different festival called Shmini Atzeret, nevertheless even on this day one can bring his hagigah offering and have it count as his Sukkot hagigah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
If the festival, passed and he did not bring the festival offering, he is no longer liable for it. Of such a person it is said: “A twisted thing cannot be made straight, a lack cannot be made good” (Ecclesiastes 1:15). Once the festival is over, he cannot bring the hagigah offering. Even if he set aside an animal to be a hagigah and then it was lost during the festival and found afterwards, he cannot offer that animal as a hagigah. In such a case the animal would be offered as a freewill offering. The mistake of not bringing the hagigah during the correct time is a “lack that cannot be made good.”
