Bündel Stroh oder Bündel Holz oder Bündel Z'radim [feuchte Baumtriebe, geschnitten für Tierfutter] —wenn man sie als Tierfutter zubereitet hätte, könnten sie bewegt werden; Wenn nicht, dürfen sie nicht bewegt werden. Ein Korb kann für Küken umgedreht werden, damit sie nach oben oder unten gehen können. [Und dies wird nicht als Aufhebung eines Gefäßes von seiner Funktion angesehen, da die Küken nicht darauf stehen bleiben. Und nach der Ansicht, dass ein Schiff nur um eines anderen Schiffs willen bewegt werden darf, ist die Mischna so zu verstehen, dass von einem Fall gesprochen wird, in dem der Ort des Schiffes benötigt wird.] Eine Henne, die weggelaufen ist (aus dem Haus)] kann [mit den Händen] geschoben werden, bis es wieder eintritt. [Und nur schieben ist erlaubt, aber nicht ziehen; denn eine Henne erhebt sich vom Boden, so dass (durch Ziehen) festgestellt wird, dass sie sie bewegt hat. Aber Gänse und andere Vögel können gezogen werden.] Kälber und Hengste können gemeinfrei gezogen werden [indem sie ihren Hals und ihre Seiten ergreifen und sie ziehen und ihnen helfen und ihre Beine bewegen]. Eine Frau kann ihren Sohn ziehen. [Sie hält ihn von hinten an seinen Armen, und er bewegt seine Beine und geht.] R. Yehudah sagt: Wann ist das so? Wenn er ein Bein hochhebt und eins niederlegt; aber wenn er sie schleppt, ist es verboten. [Dann hebt sie ihn hoch. Wann immer R. Yehudah in der Mischna sagt "Wann ist das so", unterscheidet er sich nicht, sondern erklärt die Worte der Weisen. Daher stimmt die Halacha mit ihm überein.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
חבילי – bundles/bunches.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
The mishnah begins by discussing things which were prepared to be given as fodder to animals. The remainder of the mishnah deals with other laws concerning animals on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
זרדים – branches of the tree that are moist and we trim them for the food of cattle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Bundles of straw, bundles of twigs, or bundles of young shoots, if they were prepared as animal food, they may be carried; if not, they may not be carried. It is permissible to carry animal food on Shabbat, so if these bundles of various things were prepared for this purpose they may be carried. However, if they weren’t specifically prepared to be animal food then we can assume that they were prepared to be used in lighting a stove or oven, an act prohibited on Shabbat. Therefore, they may not be carried for they are muktzeh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
כופין את הסל לפני האפרוחים – We disturb the utensil (i.e., turn it over from its place so that it is not [functioning] for the young chickens are not standing upon it and the individual who states that the utensil is not being taken other than for the need of the things for which it is taken, our Mishnah establishes that is necessary for the place of the utensil.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may overturn a basket before young birds, so that they will get up and then get down. The young birds themselves are muktzeh since there is nothing that one can do with them on Shabbat. However, the mishnah holds that one may nevertheless move a basket in front of them so that they will get up onto the basket and then get off of it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שברחה – from the house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
A chicken which has run away, they may push her until she re-enters. Again, it is forbidden to hold the chicken itself because it is muktzeh. However, if it runs away one may push it back to its place. This is assumedly allowed to prevent the loss of the chicken, just as activities normally prohibited on Shabbat were allowed to prevent loss of property from fire.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may make calves and foals walk in the public domain. And a woman may make her son walk. Rabbi Judah says: when is this so? If he lifts one [foot] and places [another] down; but if he drags them it is forbidden. One can help small animals or toddlers walk around on Shabbat and we need not be concerned that the mother or the one helping the animal will pick the animal up, which is forbidden. Rabbi Judah limits this permission to a child who can at least walk a little bit on his own. But if the child is only “dragging its feet”, then one can’t help it walk on Shabbat, lest one come to pick it up and thereby carry it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
עד שתכנס – and specifically drive it but not push and pull because the chicken lifts itself from the ground and it is found that he is carrying it but geese and other fowl one may lead them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מדדין עגלים – grab hold of its neck and its sides and drag it and assist it to move its legs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
והאשה מדדה את בנה – she grabs hold of his arms from behind him and moves his feet and walks.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
שנוטל אחת ומניח אחת – when the baby moves his legs, he places one leg down and lifts up the other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אבל גורר אסור – when she carries him, and everywhere in the Mishnah where Rabbi Yehuda says, "אימתי"/”from when,” he does not come to dispute, but rather to explain the words of the Sages. Therefore, the Halakha is according to him.
