Kommentar zu Parah 8:9
הַמַּיִם הַמֻּכִּים, פְּסוּלִים. אֵלּוּ הֵן הַמֻּכִּים, הַמְּלוּחִים וְהַפּוֹשְׁרִים. הַמַּיִם הַמְכַזְּבִים, פְּסוּלִין. אֵלּוּ הֵם הַמַּיִם הַמְכַזְּבִים, הַמְכַזְּבִים אֶחָד בַּשָּׁבוּעַ. הַמְכַזְּבִים בְּפֻלְמְסָיוֹת וּבִשְׁנֵי בִצָּרוֹן, כְּשֵׁרִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל:
Verseuchtes Wasser ist ungültig [zur Heiligung für das Chatat- Ritual]. Folgendes ist verdorben: gesalzen und warm [Wasser]. Inkonsistente Gewässer sind [auch] ungültig. Die folgenden Gewässer sind inkonsistent: diejenigen, die alle sieben Jahre uneinheitlich fließen. Inkonsistente Gewässer in Kriegszeiten oder Jahren der Dürre sind gültig. Rabbi Yehuda macht [sie] ungültig.
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
מים המוכין – that damage, as for example, that they are salty and tepid.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Introduction
Today's mishnah continues to discuss what water does not count as "living waters" and therefore cannot be used for the red cow ritual, or the other rituals that require living waters.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
פסולין – for the waters of the sin-offering/the Red Heifer.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Spoiled waters are unfit. The following are spoiled waters: those that are salty or lukewarm. Salty water or water that comes from warm ponds or such type of places does not count as "living water" because it is not drinkable.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
מים המכזבין (waters which fail at certain times) – that stop, like (Isaiah 58:11): “like a spring whose waters do not fail.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Waters that disappoint are unfit. The following are waters that disappoint: those that disappoint even once in a seven year cycle. Those that disappoint only in times of war or in years of drought are fit. Rabbi Judah says: they are unfit. Waters that "disappoint" are waters from springs or rivers that dry up periodically. If the river dries up even once every seven years, it still counts as "disappointing" and cannot be used. If the waters fail only in times of war, due to overdrawing by soldiers, or only in times of drought, they do not, according to the first opinion, count as "waters that disappoint" and they can be counted as "living waters." Rabbi Judah dissents and says that these too cannot be used.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
פסולין – for we require living/fresh waters.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
אחד בשבוע (once in seven years) – but once in a jubilee/יובל is well/good as they are called “living waters.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
בפולמסיות – the soldiers of ravaging troops that drink and ruin them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
בשני בצרון – years where rain fall stops.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ור' יהודה פוסל – even those that do not fail other than in wartime or in years of drought. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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