Mischna
Mischna

Kommentar zu Parah 8:1

שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ שׁוֹמְרִים אֶת הַשֹּׁקֶת, נִטְמָא אַחַד מֵהֶם, כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי. טָהַר, וְנִטְמָא שֵׁנִי, כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן. נִטְמְאוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאַחַת, פְּסוּלִין. עָשָׂה אַחַד מֵהֶן מְלָאכָה, כְּשֵׁרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי. עָמַד, וְעָשָׂה הַשֵּׁנִי מְלָאכָה, כְּשֵׁרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן. עָשׂוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאֶחָד, פְּסוּלִין:

Zwei, die den Krug bewachten [der Wasser zum Mischen mit Asche enthielt], wenn einer unrein wurde, sind sie [das Wasser] gültig, weil sie im Bereich des zweiten waren. Wenn er [derjenige, der unrein wurde] sich selbst reinigte und der zweite unrein wurde, sind sie gültig, weil sie im Bereich des ersten liegen. Wenn beide auf einmal unrein wurden, sind sie [das Wasser] ungültig. Wenn einer von ihnen funktioniert hat, sind sie gültig, weil sie im Bereich des zweiten waren. Wenn er [derjenige, der arbeitete] aufhörte und der zweite arbeitete, sind sie gültig, weil sie im Bereich des ersten waren. Wenn beide gleichzeitig gearbeitet haben, sind sie [das Wasser] ungültig.

Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

שנים שהיו שומרים את השוקת – that was filled for [mixing the ashes with the water] for the lustration/sin-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah

Two men were guarding a trough: If one of them became unclean, the water remains valid, since it is in the domain of the other. If the first became clean and the other became unclean the water is still valid since it is in the domain of the first. If both became unclean simultaneously the water becomes invalid.
If one of them did some work, the water remains valid since it is in the domain of the second. If the first stopped doing work and the other did some work, the water still remains valid since it is in the domain of the first. If both did some work at the same time the water becomes invalid.

This quite simple mishnah teaches that if two men are guarding a trough with water to be used for the red cow ritual, and one of them becomes impure or does work we can consider the water to be under the protection of the other guard, and the water remains valid. It is invalidated only if both of them are impure or do work at the same time.
The mishnah is very straightforward so there is no commentary below.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

טהר – he who had become defiled was purified from his defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

ונטמא שני – that is his companion who was ritually pure. -
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

כשרים – the water that is in the trough.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah

עמד ושעה שני מלאכה – the first person arose from jis work, and the second did work in his place.
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